Effects of Difructose Anhydride III on Calcium Absorption in Small and Large Intestines of Rats

Difructose Anhydrides III and IV Equally Promote Calcium Absorption from the Luminally Perfused Rat Small Intestine

“…4,5) Di-Dfructofranosyl 2, 6 0 : 2 0 , 6 anhydride (DFAIV), an isomer of DFAIII, enhanced Ca transport equally with DFAIII in a rat balance test. 6) But, the promotive effect of DFAIV was much greater than that of DFAIII in an in vitro study using the isolated mucosa of the small intestine.…”

Comparative Effect of Repeated Ingestion of Difructose Anhydride III and Palatinose on the Induction of Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Humans

“…2) could possibly be attributed to a placebo reaction, because the score was lower than that during the palatinose ingestion period. Animal studies have shown that repeated ingestion of DFAIII for 2 weeks did not impair the weight gain or liver and kidney weight in rats, 8) and our previous results for an openlabeled study indicated that repeated ingestion of DFAIII at a daily dosage of 9 g did not induce any serious hematological or blood biochemical parameter changes in humans, although it did cause diarrhea and some transitory abdominal symptoms. 13) The results in this current controlled study provide evidence for the safety of DFAIII that was suggested from a previous uncontrolled study.…”

“…4) DFAIII has recently been manufactured from inulin by microbial fermentation. 5) In vitro 6,7) and in vivo [8][9][10][11] studies have shown that DFAIII promoted calcium absorption from the intestines in rats. Moreover, iron absorption in rats was also stimulated by the repeated ingestion of DFAIII.…”

Chemical and Enzymatic Approaches to Carbohydrate-Derived Spiroketals: Di-D-Fructose Dianhydrides (DFAs)

“…For instance, Hara and Tomita have demonstrated that ingestion of α-D-fructofuranose-β-Dfructofuranose 1,2':2,3'-dianhydride (1, also known as DFA III) in daily diet increases the absorption of calcium, magnesium and zinc in rats [38][39][40][41][42][43]. The same authors observed that ingestion of DFA III and DFA IV [di-β-D-fructofuranose-2,6':6,2'-dianhydride (15), a non-spiroacetalic DFA isomer, Figure 4] [44] affects the epithelial tissue and activates the passage of tight junctions in vitro, thereby promoting mineral absorption in the small and large intestine of rats [45][46].…”