Effects of Different Types of Early Restrictive Fluid Resuscitation on Immune Function and Multiorgan Damage on Hemorrhagic Shock Rat Model in a Hypothermic Environment

Abstract

Objective. This study was aimed at investigating the effects of different types of fluid restriction fluid resuscitation on the immune dysfunction and organ injury of hemorrhagic shock rats under a hypothermic environment. Methods. SD rats were divided into sham operation group (SHAM), hemorrhagic shock model group (HS), crystal liquid limited resuscitation group (CRLLR), colloidal liquid limited resuscitation group (COLLR), and nonlimited resuscitation group (NLR); rats in each group were placed in a low-temperature environment of 0-5°C for 30 min, and then, a hemorrhagic shock rat model was prepared. Sodium lactate Ringer’s restricted resuscitation solution, hydroxyethyl starch restricted resuscitation solution, and hydroxyethyl starch were used for resuscitation, and hemodynamic examination was performed. The mortality rate, inflammatory factors, oxidative stress factors, and immune function were detected by ELISA. The dysfunction and injury of the intestinal, lung, liver, and kidney were examined by histological methods. Results. Hemorrhagic shock resulted in decreased immune function and activation of inflammation. Unrestricted fluid infusion further activated the inflammatory response. The crystalloid-restricted fluid infusion performed effectively to regulate inflammatory response, promote antioxidative activity, and reduce the immunosuppressive reaction. Rehydration could regulate the coagulation. The hydroxyethyl starch reduced the expression of platelet glycoproteins Ib and IIb/IIIa and blocked the binding of fibrinogen to activated platelets, thereby inhibiting intrinsic coagulation and platelet adhesion and aggregation. Rats in the CRLLR group showed to relieve the injury of the lung, liver, kidney, and intestine from hemorrhagic shock in low-temperature environment. Conclusion. The early application of restrictive crystalloid resuscitation in hemorrhagic shock rats in hypothermic environment showed the best therapy results. Early LR-restrictive fluid replacement promotes the balance of inflammatory response and the recovery of immunosuppressive state, resists oxidative stress, stabilizes the balance of coagulation and fibrinolysis, improves coagulation function, and relieves organ injury.

First Aid Management of Traumatic Hemorrhagic Shock Patients from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau : A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

“…According to Hongmin Lv's study, the volume of infusion within 24 hours is lower than that of patients in low altitude areas, which in order to prevent the occurrence of pulmonary edema, brain edema and heart failure [19]. This is consistent with Liu's ndings [7,43], which believe that small volume of 7.5% hypertonic saline/6% dextran could better resuscitate hemorrhagic shock with pulmonary edema at high altitude. It is worth noting that in the process of rehydration, which necessary to monitor the patients' physiological indicators (blood pressure, pulse, urine volume and central venous pressure), and adjust the rehydration speed according to the monitoring situation [13].…”

Influence of blood hemodynamics on the treatment outcomes of limited fluid resuscitation in emergency patients with traumatic hemorrhagic shock

“… 4 This lethal syndrome can be caused by multiple factors that span multiple systems such as severe burns, deep cuts, gunshot wounds, trauma, and amputations. 5 For patients with traumatic hemorrhagic shock induced by severe multiple injuries, ensuring heart rate, maintaining smooth breathing, controlling bleeding, and shock recovery should be proceeded priority. Based on such principle, Limited Fluid Resuscitation (LFR), permissive hypotension, blood component transfusion, and control of traumatic coagulopathy are the basic treatments for traumatic hemorrhagic shock.…”

Retracted: Effects of Different Types of Early Restrictive Fluid Resuscitation on Immune Function and Multiorgan Damage on Hemorrhagic Shock Rat Model in a Hypothermic Environment

“…This article has been retracted by Hindawi following an investigation undertaken by the publisher [ 1 ]. This investigation has uncovered evidence of one or more of the following indicators of systematic manipulation of the publication process: Discrepancies in scope Discrepancies in the description of the research reported Discrepancies between the availability of data and the research described Inappropriate citations Incoherent, meaningless and/or irrelevant content included in the article Peer-review manipulation …”

“…This article has been retracted by Hindawi following an investigation undertaken by the publisher [1]. This investigation has uncovered evidence of one or more of the following indicators of systematic manipulation of the publication process:…”