Effects of different substrates on nitrogen and phosphorus removal in horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands

Xu, Rui; Zhang, Yong; Liu, Rong; Cao, Yun; Wang, Guoxiang; Ji, Lingchen; Xu, Yifan

doi:10.1007/s11356-019-04945-1

Cited by 29 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The average concentration in the analyzed effluent remained at 5.72 ± 0.19 mg L −1 . Comparable results have been reported in previous research [59], where Total Phosphorus concentrations in the effluent reached 0.3 mg L −1 with a removal rate of 98%. These results exhibit higher efficiency compared with those obtained in the present study (Figure 10b).…”

Section: Total Phosphorus (Tp) Removalsupporting

confidence: 89%

Remediation of River Water Contaminated with Whey Using Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetlands with Ornamental Plants in a Tropical Environment

Mateo-Díaz,

Sandoval Herazo,

Zurita

et al. 2023

Water

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The aim of this research was to evaluate the efficiency of horizontal subsurface flow-constructed wetlands (HSSFWs) planted with Hippeastrum striatum and Heliconia lastisphata for the treatment of contaminated river waters by wastewater from the dairy industry (WDI) and domestic wastewater in tropical climates over a study period of 136 days. Cell with a real volume of 780,000 mL and a flow rate of 1.805 mL s−1. The hydraulic retention time was determined to be 5 days. 12 individuals of Hippeastrum striatum were planted at a distance of 20 cm from each other in one cell, while in another cell, 12 individuals of Heliconia spp. were planted. An adaptation period was determined for both species. Subsequently, the experiment was started, and the elimination percentages obtained were as follows: COD: 67.94 ± 1.39%, 63.17 ± 2.63%; TSS: 56.49 ± 5.73%, 48.78 ± 5.87%; N-NH4: 51.06 ± 2.16%, 50.80 ± 1.91%; TN: 44.36 ± 5.73%, 30.59 ± 5.87%; TP: 47.00 ± 5.32%, 35.57 ± 4.06%; DO: 50.23 ± 1.61%, 47.74 ± 1.34%; and pH: 6.81 ± 0.07, 6.52 ± 0.1, for Heliconia lastisphata and Hippeastrum striatum, respectively. These results demonstrate that both macrophyte species can be used for the treatment of wastewater from the dairy industry using HSSFWs; cheese factories could be involved in the development of constructed wetland systems to reduce the environmental impact of the industry.

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Section: Total Phosphorus (Tp) Removalsupporting

confidence: 89%

Remediation of River Water Contaminated with Whey Using Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetlands with Ornamental Plants in a Tropical Environment

Mateo-Díaz,

Sandoval Herazo,

Zurita

et al. 2023

Water

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“…Next, not all articles could be employed for further analysis because they were review articles, and certain articles did not contain data on N and P removal amounts. By reading the title, abstract, and text of the articles during screening, 27 articles (Huang and He, 2011;Wu et al, 2011;Xiong et al, 2011;Barca et al, 2013;Shilton et al, 2013;Barca et al, 2014;Ren et al, 2014;Shi et al, 2014;Cui et al, 2015;Ge et al, 2015;Hussain et al, 2015;Yun et al, 2015;Zhang et al, 2015;Blanco et al, 2016;Ge et al, 2016;Lu et al, 2016;Mohamed et al, 2016;Ahmad et al, 2017;Shi P. et al, 2017;Park et al, 2017;Yuan et al, 2017;Adera et al, 2018;Xu et al, 2019;Chen et al, 2020;Hamdan et al, 2020;Saeed et al, 2020;Wan et al, 2020) met our requirement and were finally selected for data analysis, which provided a highly uniform dataset and reliable results. Datasets of the substrate filling mode, plant cultivation, flow direction of CW, steel slag particle size (SSPS), temperature (T), hydraulic retention time (HRT), hydraulic loading rate (HLR), pH value (pH), influent concentration (C in ), total nitrogen (TN), NH 4 + -N, and TP removal amounts (ΔC = C in − C out ) were extracted from these articles, and some original data were modified.…”

Section: Dataset Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subsurface SSCWs are most widely used according to the flow direction and are divided into unsaturated vertical flow (Huang and He, 2011;Wu et al, 2011;Xiong et al, 2011;Shilton et al, 2013;Ren et al, 2014;Shi et al, 2014;Cui et al, 2015;Hussain et al, 2015;Zhang et al, 2015;Blanco et al, 2016;Ge et al, 2016;Lu et al, 2016;Mohamed et al, 2016;Ahmad et al, 2017;Yuan et al, 2017;Adera et al, 2018;Hamdan et al, 2020;Saeed et al, 2020) and saturated horizontal flow (Barca et al, 2013;Barca et al, 2014;Ren et al, 2014;Cui et al, 2015;Ge et al, 2015;Park et al, 2017;Yuan et al, 2017;Adera et al, 2018;Xu et al, 2019;Chen et al, 2020) SSCWs. Next, vertical flow SSCWs require only a small amount of ground to operate but provide appropriate contact time and anaerobic time between water and substrate to ensure a better nitrogen and phosphorus removal performance (Yun et al, 2015).…”

Section: Applications Of Steel Slag Substrate Constructed Wetlandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Under alkaline conditions, precipitation, depending on the content of CaO in the substrate, is the main removal mechanism; thus, P can be quickly removed. In contrast, under acidic conditions, P is removed mainly by adsorption, and the removal process is slow and lasting (Ahmad et al, 2017;Xu et al, 2019). Moreover, HRT is a significant factor influencing removal efficiency.…”

Section: Applications Of Steel Slag Substrate Constructed Wetlandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the strong alkalinity of steel slag is not conducive to plant growth and microbial survival, and it leads to a high pH of the effluent, which is attributed to the low efficiency of N removal by plants and microbes. Although ion exchange adsorption between NH 4 + and metal ions (such as Al 3+ , Fe 2+ , and Mn 4+ ) in steel slag can remove some ammonium nitrogen (NH 4 + -N) (Xu et al, 2019), when compared with microbial nitrogen removal, the nitrogen removed by adsorption is limited. This makes simultaneously removing N and P efficiently in SSCWs difficult.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Vegetated Steel Slag Substrate Constructed Wetlands can Achieve High Efficiency Simultaneous Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal

Zhang

Zou

et al. 2022

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Steel slag substrate constructed wetlands (SSCWs) can effectively remove phosphorus (P) from sewage through Ca-P precipitation and adsorption. Nonetheless, the disadvantages of a high pH value of the effluent and low nitrogen (N) removal efficiency limit the practical application of SSCWs. To improve these shortcomings, plant cultivation and combining steel slag with other substrate materials have been applied in SSCWs. However, related studies have not obtained a unanimous consensus elucidating such improvements. To accurately evaluate improvements, we statistically analyzed the experimental data reported in 27 related papers and found that combining steel slag with other substrate materials in SSCWs significantly increased the removal amount of total nitrogen (TN) (51.58 mg TN/L) and ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N) (74.15 mg NH4+-N/L) but reduced the removal amount of total phosphorus (TP) (7.76 mg TP/L). In these combined substrate SSCWs, plant cultivation could compensate for the decline in TP removal amount and improve upon the simultaneous removal of N and P (6.02 mg TP/L, 62.18 mg TN/L, and 69.16 mg NH4+-N/L). Moreover, compared with vertical flow SSCWs, horizontal flow enables plant-cultivated and combined substrate SSCWs to achieve a higher TP removal capacity (6.38 mg TP/L). In addition, operational parameters, including temperature, hydraulic retention time (HRT), pH value, and influent concentration, significantly affected the N and P removal capacity of SSCWs. Our research results provide a theoretical reference for the design and operation of SSCWs for efficient N and P removal.

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Nitrogen removal and microbial community variation in a shallow constructed wetland with Fe–C porous filter material as substrate

Chu,

Cao,

et al. 2024

CLEAN Soil Air Water

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This study aims to examine the nitrogen removal characteristics and microbial community variation at low hydraulic retention time (HRT) in a shallow constructed wetland (SCW) using iron–carbon (Fe–C) porous filter material (PFM) as substrate. Effects of influent nitrogen forms and chemical oxygen demand (COD)/N ratio on nitrogen removal performance at HRT of 1 day were investigated. Results showed that total nitrogen (TN) removal declined with the decrease of influent NH4+‐N‐to‐NO3−‐N ratio. When the influent NH4+‐N/NO3−‐N ratio was 0.1, TN removal decreased by 15.4% compared with that at ratio of 2.0. The increase of influent COD/N ratio enhanced NO3−‐N reduction, and TN removal reached 74.5% at influent COD/N ratio 7.0. The microbial community was analyzed for the biofilm samples on Fe–C PFM at front (WF), middle (WM), and back (WB) of SCW. Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, and Firmicutes were dominant bacteria phyla. The relative abundance of genera involved in the nitrification and denitrification decreased with the influent flow. The iron autotrophic denitrifying and macromolecular organics degrading bacteria were abundant in the middle and back of SCW. Microbial nitrification and denitrification, plant uptake, and plant synergism contributed to 86.3%, 7.41%, and 19.9% of N removal, respectively. These results demonstrated that the SCW with Fe–C PFM as substrate was efficient in nitrogen removal at low HRT.

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Effects of different substrates on nitrogen and phosphorus removal in horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands

Cited by 29 publications

References 25 publications

Remediation of River Water Contaminated with Whey Using Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetlands with Ornamental Plants in a Tropical Environment

Remediation of River Water Contaminated with Whey Using Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetlands with Ornamental Plants in a Tropical Environment

Vegetated Steel Slag Substrate Constructed Wetlands can Achieve High Efficiency Simultaneous Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal

Nitrogen removal and microbial community variation in a shallow constructed wetland with Fe–C porous filter material as substrate

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