“…The fish spoilage is a multifaceted and complicated process, involving physical, chemical, and microorganism mechanisms, which is related to color changes, texture collapse, protein denaturant, lipid oxidation, ATP degradation, and microbial spoilage (Alishahi & Aider, ; Ghaly, Dave, Budge, & Brooks, ). At present, there are many indicators in studying fish preservation, such as sensory assessment, cooking quality and structure, salt‐soluble protein, thiol, disulfide bond, total volatile base nitrogen (TVB‐N), electrical conductivity (EC), total viable counts (TVC), biogenic amines (BAs), freshness quality index ( K value), SOD, MDA, and ATP enzyme, changes in metal ion content (Hong, Luo, Zhou, & Shen, ; Özogul, & Özogul, ; Özogul, Gökbulut, Özogul, & Özyurt, ; Qin, Li, & Hong, ; Ryder, ; Song, Liu, Shen, You, & Luo, ; Wang, Luo, Huang, & Xu, ; Wang, Luo, Yin, Wu, & Bao, ; Wang, Li, & He, ). Large of these indicators are formulated relevant standards in China, i.e., the determination of total volatile base nitrogen (TVB‐N) in aquatic products (SC/T3032‐2007), the freshness index for fish muscle ( K ‐value)‐high‐performance liquid chromatography (SC/T3048‐2014).…”