Effects of different socioeconomic conditions on menarche in Turkish female students

Ersoy, Betül; Balkan, Can; Günay, Türkan; Onağ, Ali; Egemen, Ayten

doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2003.11.001

Cited by 77 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…These mean values were similar to those observed in other studies conducted in the same geographical location as ours [6], and even other countries [4,20], but dissimilar to that observed among school girls in the Northern region of the same country as ours [5]. These disparities could be attributed to several factors such as genetic [30], environmental, socioeconomic, nutritional and hormonal factors [31][32][33]. "Children and adolescents differ in their rate of development, and adolescents of the same chronological age may differ greatly in their stage of maturity" [34].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Body Mass Index Influences the Age at Menarche and Duration of Menstrual Cycle

Osayande¹

2014

AJHR

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Abstract:The changing trends in the prevalence of childhood obesity, early puberty and menarche, and ethnoracial differences in the effect of BMI on the reproductive characteristics of young females around the world, warrants continuous evaluation. Hence, this study aims to investigate possible variations in the influence of BMI on the age at menarche as well as duration of menstrual cycle and menses in young girls in two urban areas in southern Nigeria. Participants (n = 52; median age = 20 years) were classified into 3 groups: normal, NM (n = 27; BMI = 21.0 ± 2.0 Kg/m 2 ), overweight, OW (n = 14; BMI = 28.1 ± 1.2 Kg/m 2 ) and obese, OB (n = 11; BMI = 31.5 ± 0.6 Kg/m 2 ). BMI was calculated from the equation; BMI = weight, kg/height, m 2 . Cross-sectional data on menarche and menstrual cycle patterns were obtained through selfadministered questionnaires. Data analysis showed a statistically significant difference in the BMI (p< 0.0001). Though the mean(± SD) ages at menarche were similar (NM = 13.0 ± 1.2 years; OW = 12.9 ± 0.9 years; OB = 13.7 ± 0.9 years)(p> 0.05), the average duration of the menstrual cycle (NM = 27.3 ± 1.4 days; OW = 27.9 ± 0.6 days; OB = 29.4 ± 1.4 days) and menstrual bleeding (NM = 4.4 ± 0.6 days; OW = 4.4 ± 0.8 days; OB = 5.4 ± 0.9 days) differed significantly according to the BMI (p< 0.0001 and p< 0.05 respectively). There was an increase in the average length of the menstrual cycle and menses with increased BMI (r = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.28 -0.69, p< 0.0001) and (r = 0.38, 95% CI = 0.12 -0.59, p< 0.05) respectively. However, the correlation between BMI and age at menarche was weak (r = 0.25, 95% CI = -0.02 -0.49, p> 0.05); and the average duration of the menstrual cycle tend to decrease with older menarcheal age, though this was not statistically significant p> 0.05). Girls with higher BMI experience longer menstrual cycle and menses compared to their normal weight counterparts. The effect of BMI on age at menarche and the relationship between early onset of menarche and the duration of menstrual cycles and menses later in life may not be causal. Further investigations may resolve these differences in relation to the reproductive characteristics of young females.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Body Mass Index Influences the Age at Menarche and Duration of Menstrual Cycle

Osayande¹

2014

AJHR

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“…Besides the genetic determination of menarcheal age, several other parameters, such as higher SES (Khan et al, 1995), better nutritional status (Chowdhury et al, 2000), higher values of TSF thickness and level of premenarcheal obesity (Freedman et al, 2003), have been strongly associated to an earlier dawn of menstruation in adolescent girls. In a recent survey conducted among urban Turkish female students, the duration of menses was significantly longer in girls of higher SES (Ersoy et al, 2004). According to the findings of the current study, the mean values of TSF and the prevalence of overweight and obesity were significantly higher for Medium and High SES girls, compared to those of Low SES.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Prevalence of iron deficiency among schoolchildren of different socio-economic status in urban Turkey

et al. 2004

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Objective: To investigate the prevalence of iron deficiency among schoolchildren of different socio-economic status (SES), living in the three largest cities of Turkey. Design: Cross-sectional study. Settings: Primary schools of Istanbul, Ankara and Izmir. Subjects: Schoolchildren aged 12 and 13 y (males: 504; females: 510) from nine primary schools. Inclusion of subjects in the study was on a voluntary basis. Methods: Data were obtained on children SES, anthropometry, haematological and biochemical indices of iron status and consumption of food items related to dietary iron bioavailability. One-way analysis of variance was mainly applied, for the evaluation of the tested hypotheses, using Bonferroni correction in order to take into account the inflation of Type I error. Results: Iron deficiency (serum ferritin o15 mg/l) prevalence was 17.5% among boys and 20.8% among girls. Furthermore, iron deficiency was significantly more prevalent among boys of lower SES, who were also found to have significantly lower levels of serum iron, serum ferritin, transferrin saturation, mean corpuscular haemoglobin and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration compared to those of higher SES. In terms of dietary factors affecting iron bioavailability, low SES boys exhibited significantly higher frequency of tea consumption and lower frequency of citrus fruit, red meat and fish consumption, compared to their higher SES counterparts. Conclusion: The prevalence of iron deficiency was relatively high, particularly among lower SES schoolboys. Higher tea and lower citrus fruits, red meat and fish consumption by boys of lower SES may provide an indication about the possible role of certain dietary patterns in the different manifestation of this medical condition among the socio-economic groups. However, further research is needed.

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“…Studies in Turkey and abroad have reported the average age at menarche between 12 years and 13.9 years (Tortumluoğlu et al, 2004;Ersoy et al, 2004;Tavares, Haeffner, Barbieri, Bettiol, Barbieri, Souza, 2000;Mimoun, Le, Buhler, Costa, & Hosansky, 2001;Ayatollahi, Dowlatabadi, Ayatonahi et al, 2003Bekar, & Güçsavaş, 1990. Aydın province has a warmer climate than Ordu province.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, attitudes towards their current menstruation were relatively the same for the women of both Aydın and Ordu province. The age at which young girls reach menarche is known to be influenced by genetic factors, environmental conditions, body size and physique, socioeconomic variables, and level of education (Sharma, Talwar, & Sharma, 1988;Georgiadis, Mantzoros, Evagelopolou, & Spentzos, 1997;Ersoy, Balkan, Günay, Onağ, & Egemen, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between attitudes towards menarche and current attitudes towards menstruation of women: A comparative study

Erbi̇l

Felek²,

Karakaşlı³

2015

HumanSciences

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Purpose: The study was conducted to determine affecting factors and to investigate relationship between attitudes towards menarche and current attitudes towards menstruation of women and to compare characteristics of menarche and menstruation of women who were born and raised in the northeastern and western of Turkey. Method and Materials: This descriptive and comparative study was participated totally 400 volunteer women. The data were collected using a questionnaire containing defined closed and open-ended questions. Results:The study results showed that women living in Ordu province than women living in Aydın province expressed positive attitudes toward menarche, and the difference was found significant. Nevertheless, attitudes towards current menstruation were similar in both provinces. When the data of 400 women were evaluated together; women's attitudes towards menarche were compared with the current attitudes towards menstruation, and the difference was found statistically significant. Although attitudes of the women towards menarche varied according to where they lived, their current attitudes towards menstruation were similar. In addition, depending upon the province, there were statistically significant differences in women's age at menarche, recollection of menarche, and feelings of shame or happiness at menarche, source and adequacy of information about menstruation, and regularity of their menstrual cycle. Conclusions: Early menstrual experiences may be related to menstrual experiences later in life and women's attitudes towards menstruation were not affected by geographical locations. In order to develop positive attitudes towards menarche and a woman's future years of menstrual cycles, it is very important that accurate and adequate information for young girls be provided before menarche.

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Effects of different socioeconomic conditions on menarche in Turkish female students

Cited by 77 publications

References 26 publications

Body Mass Index Influences the Age at Menarche and Duration of Menstrual Cycle

Body Mass Index Influences the Age at Menarche and Duration of Menstrual Cycle

Prevalence of iron deficiency among schoolchildren of different socio-economic status in urban Turkey

The relationship between attitudes towards menarche and current attitudes towards menstruation of women: A comparative study

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