Effects of different protein sources completely replacing fish meal in low‐protein diet on growth performance, intestinal digestive physiology, and nitrogen digestion and metabolism in nursery pigs

Abstract

The study compared the effects of selected proteins replacing fish meal in low‐protein diets on piglets’ growth performance, intestinal digestive physiology, and nitrogen digestion and metabolism. Five reduced CP, amino acid (AA)‐supplemented diets containing 4% of either S50, HP300, concentrated degossypolized cottonseed protein (CDCP), P50, or fish meal were assigned to six pens with 11 pigs for a 28‐day study period. Compared with fish meal, dietary proteins did not affect growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients, serum hormone levels and biochemical parameters, apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of CP and most AA, colonic short‐chain fatty acid (SCFA) contents, duodenal and ileal morphology, digestive enzyme activity, and pH in small intestine of piglets. However, HP300, CDCP, and P50 decreased (p < 0.05) fecal N excretion per weight gain. AID of Ile in S50 and HP300 and Glu in P50 were improved (p < 0.05), and AID of Gly in other proteins was reduced (p < 0.05). S50 and P50 lowered (p < 0.05) the contents of colonic isobutyric and isovaleric. S50 and HP300 reduced (p < 0.05) jejunal villus height. CDCP increased (p < 0.05) the pepsin activity in stomach. S50, HP300, and CDCP decreased (p < 0.05) pH in the proximal colon. Overall, the selected proteins could completely replace fish meal in low‐protein diet without impairing piglets’ growth via maintaining intestinal digestive physiology, and nitrogen digestion and metabolism.

Probiotics and Achyranthes bidentata Polysaccharides Improve Growth Performance via Promoting Intestinal Nutrient Utilization and Enhancing Immune Function of Weaned Pigs

“…Feed is the primary source of energy and protein for animal maintenance and growth requirements [ 21 , 22 ]. The digested and absorbed nutrients by the gastrointestinal tract provide energy and amino acids for animal life activities and growth via biological oxidation and metabolism [ 23 , 24 ]. In our study, dietary ANT, PRO, ABPS, and P-ABPS supplementation increased ATTD of GE and CP in diets fed to piglets, demonstrating that these products promoted gastrointestinal digestion and absorption, enhancing the nutrients’ utilization efficiency, which is an evidence for improving piglet growth performance.…”

Lactobacillus delbrueckii might lower serum triglyceride levels via colonic microbiota modulation and SCFA-mediated fat metabolism in parenteral tissues of growing-finishing pigs

“…Measurement of acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid contents in serum and colonic digesta were performed using an Agilent 7890A gas chromatographer (Agilent Technologies Inc., Palo Alto, CA, USA) equipped with an HP-FFAP elastic quartz capillary vessel column (30 m × 0.25 mm × 0.25 μm) according to the method detailly described in our previous studies ( 23 , 24 ).…”

Factors Influencing Proteolysis and Protein Utilization in the Intestine of Pigs: A Review

“…Similar results were shown in the study from Fang et al (2016) where they investigated an increase in sucrose and maltase in spermine supplemented pigs [ 39 ]. The effect of different protein sources as a replacement for fish meal in low protein diets on the intestinal digestive physiology was studied by Li, Hou [ 40 ]. They concluded that pigs fed the concentrated degossypolized cottonseed protein diet had higher concentration of pepsin in the stomach than those fed the other diets.…”

“…Consistently, several working groups investigated the effect of different diets or supplements on the activity of the enzymes in the stomach and intestine [38][39][40][41][42][43]. In a study from Liu et al (2020), the effect of spermine supplementation on the digestive abilities, the amino acid transporter expression and the metabolism in piglets was investigated.…”

“…They concluded that pigs fed the concentrated degossypolized cottonseed protein diet had higher concentration of pepsin in the stomach than those fed the other diets. Differences in the enzymatic activity in pancreas and jejunum could not be shown [40]. Yagami et al (2017) researched the effect from a dietary rice-soybean meal-based diet as a substitute for a corn-soybean meal-based diet.…”