Effects of different primers on indirect orthodontic bonding: Shear bond strength, color change, and enamel roughness

Abstract

ObjectiveWe aimed to perform in-vitro evaluation to compare 1) shear bond strength (SBS), adhesive remnant index (ARI), and color change between self-etched and acid-etched primers; 2) the SBS, ARI and color change between direct and indirect bonding; and 3) the enamel roughness (ER) between 12-blade bur and aluminum oxide polisher debonding methods.MethodsSeventy bovine incisors were distributed in seven groups: control (no bonding), direct (DTBX), and 5 indirect bonding (ITBX, IZ350, ISONDHI, ISEP, and ITBXp). Transbond XT Primer was used in the DTBX, ITBX, and ITBXp groups, flow resin Z350 in the IZ350 group, Sondhi in the ISONDHI group, and SEP primer in the ISEP group. SBS, ARI, and ER were evaluated. The adhesive remnant was removed using a low-speed tungsten bur in all groups except the ITBXp, in which an aluminum oxide polisher was used. After coffee staining, color evaluations were performed using a spectrophotometer immediately after staining and prior to bonding.ResultsISONDHI and ISEP showed significantly lower SBS (p < 0.01). DTBX had a greater number of teeth with all the adhesive on the enamel (70%), compared with the indirect bonding groups (0–30%). The ER in the ITBX and ITBXp groups was found to be greater because of both clean-up techniques used.ConclusionsDirect and indirect bonding have similar results and all the primers used show satisfactory adhesion strength. Use of burs and polishers increases the ER, but polishers ensure greater integrity of the initial roughness. Resin tags do not change the color of the teeth.

Evaluation of the effects of two different indirect bonding methods on strength of the brackets in mandibular model of severe anterior crowding

“…Concerning the bond strength studies performed using Transbond XT, as was preferred in the present study, the mean bond strength value was found to be 23.47 MPa by D'Attilio, Traini, Di Iorio, et al (2005) 13.60 MPa by Queirioz Tavares, Elias, and Nojima (2018) and 9.86 MPa by İşman, Karaarslan, Okşayan, et al (2012). Regarding all these studies, it was observed that different bond strength values were obtained even though the same adhesive was used.…”

“…Regarding all these studies, it was observed that different bond strength values were obtained even though the same adhesive was used. Based on the reference range of bond strength defined by Reynolds and Von Fraunhofer (1977) for clinical success, the bond strength values obtained in the above mentioned studies were considered acceptable D'Attilio et al (2005), Queirioz Tavares et al (2018) and İşman et al (2012). It was stated that such different bond strength values in the literature might have arisen from the parameters in the bond strength test, type of tooth, and the differences between the teeth groups (Mansour & Bakhsh, 2015).…”

Effects of adhesive systems at different temperatures on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets

“…The sample size was calculated based on a power analysis using G*Power Software version 3.1.9.2 (Universität Düsseldorf, Germany) for shear bond strength at alpha error probability of 0.05 and a power of 95%. 18 The power analysis showed that a total of 10 samples (effect size = 3.375645) was enough, while reliable results could be determined using 80 premolar teeth. Subsequently, 80 freshly extracted premolars for orthodontic reasons were used in this in vitro study.…”

An interview with Lincoln Issamu Nojima

“…This way, the tooth surface is customized, and shear bond strength is increased. Queiróz Tavares et al 2 found that flowable resins are an excellent bonding material for these cases, and its bond strength is equal to or greater than that obtained with conventional direct bonding. Chemically cured resins type A or B used for indirect bonding are no longer indicated for this purpose because of their low shear bond strength 2 …”

“…Both indirect bonding techniques have shear bond strength that is equal to or greater than that of direct bonding 2 3 Digital indirect bonding uses prototyped guides, a technique in which the brackets are positioned directly according to the tie-wings and transferred to the oral cavity.…”