Effects of different modes of exercise on skeletal muscle mass and function and IGF-1 signaling during early aging in mice

Abstract

Skeletal muscle mass and function tend to decline with increasing age. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) plays a key role in promoting skeletal muscle growth. Exercise improves skeletal muscle mass and function via activating the IGF-1 signaling. The aim of this study was to investigate whether different types of exercise could promote muscle hypertrophy, exercise and metabolic capacities, and activate IGF-1 signaling in early aging mice. 12-month-old male C57/BL6 mice were randomly divided into five groups: control group (CON), aerobic exercise group (AE), resistance exercise group (RE), whole-body vibration group (WBV) and electrical stimulation group (ES). Muscle weight, myofiber size, levels of IGF-1 signaling, oxidative stress, protein synthesis and degradation, and apoptosis in gastrocnemius muscle were detected. C2C12 cells were used to explore the mechanism. In this study, we confirmed that four modes of exercise increased skeletal muscle mass, exercise capacity, indicators of metabolism and protein synthesis, and inhibited oxidative stress and apoptosis via activating the IGF-1 pathway. The most effective intervention was RE. We found that WBV promoted muscle hypertrophy better than AE. Furthermore, in vitro experiment, the importance of IGF-1 / IGF-1R-PI3K / Akt signaling for maintaining skeletal muscle mass was further confirmed. AE, RE, WBV and ES increase skeletal muscle mass, exercise capacities, protein synthesis and metabolic enzyme activities, inhibit protein degradation and apoptosis in mice undergoing early aging via activating IGF-1 signaling. Among them, WBV has been shown to be significantly effective and has a similar effect of conventional exercise in promoting muscle hypertrophy.

Ostarine blunts the effect of endurance training on submaximal endurance in rats

“…According to our results, ostarine and exercise did not induce significant changes in its expression. In contrast, a significant increase in Igf-1 mRNA and Igf-1 protein expressions was observed in 12-month-old male mice after 4 weeks of aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, and whole-body vibration in the gastrocnemius muscle (Li et al 2022). Other studies have reported an increase in serum IGF-1 levels after resistance training in older men and women (Vale et al 2009;Arazi et al 2021).…”

Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals mRNA and Alternative Splicing Events in Ovine Skeletal Muscle Satellite Cells during Proliferation and Differentiation

“…The knockout of IL6 in differentiated C2C12 myoblasts can impair the myotube fusion [ 48 ]. Among them, IGF1 , AREG , and IL11 were predicted to interact with IL6, which is reportedly involved in satellite cell proliferation and differentiation [ 49 , 50 , 51 ]. With regard to the upregulated genes, MYBPC1 has been reported to play an important role in normal muscle growth and development processes [ 52 , 53 , 54 ].…”

The impact of physical exercise on the endocrine system in men: A review

“…В нескольких исследованиях отмечается, что у мужчин высокоинтенсивные тренировки приводят к большему повышению ИФР-1 в крови, что сопровождается улучшением чувствительности к инсулину и ее суррогатных маркеров, например индекса оценки инсулинорезистентности по гомеостатической модели (HOMA1-IR) [33][34][35]. Известно, что расширение физической активности является необходимым и патогенетически обоснованным компонентом профилактики и комплексной терапии ожирения и сахарного диабета 2-го типа, что подтверждается многими исследованиями [36][37][38].…”