Effects of Different Microbial Fertilizers on Growth and Rhizosphere Soil Properties of Corn in Newly Reclaimed Land

Abstract

Land reclamation may expand the supply of usable land for food security. Soil microorganisms have been considered as an amendment in immature soil to improve its quality. However, different microbial fertilizers’ effects on plant growth in immature soil have largely been unexplored. In order to evaluate the effects of different microbial fertilizers on immature soil, the soil quality and microbial community structure of corn rhizosphere soil samples under different microbial fertilizers were investigated. The results revealed a significant difference between microbial fertilizers (especially seaweed microbial fertilizer, SMF) and commercial chemical compound fertilizers in the soil properties and microbial community structure. Indeed, SMF caused a 486.21%, 23.17%, 21.08%, 38.33%, and 482.39% increase in Flavobacteriaceae, Planctomycetaceae, Chitinophagaceae, Acidobacteria_Gp3, and Mortierellaceae but a 23.82%, 18.66%, 42.36%, 29.12%, 81.97%, 42.19%, and 99.33% reduction in Cytophagales, Comamonadaceae, Rhodospirillaceae, Sinobacteaceae, Aspergillaceae, Myrmecridiaceae, and Typhulaceae, respectively; while CCF caused an 85.68% and 183.22% increase in Xanthomonadaceae and Mortierellaceae but a 31.29%, 36.02%, and 65.74% reduction in Cytophagales, Spartobacteria, and Cyphellophoraceae compared with the control based on 16S and ITS amplicon sequencing of soil microflora. Furthermore, redundancy discriminant analysis of the microbial communities and soil properties indicated that the main variables of the bacterial and fungal communities included exchangeable Ca, organic matter content, total N, and available P. Overall, the results of this study revealed significant changes under different fertilizer conditions in the microbiota and chemical properties of corn soil. Microbial fertilizers, particularly SMF and SM, can be used as a good amendment for newly reclaimed land.

Effects of Two Kinds of Commercial Organic Fertilizers on Growth and Rhizosphere Soil Properties of Corn on New Reclamation Land

“…This may be due to the proportion of microaggregates (<0.25 mm) of soil decreased by repeat application of CCF [ 30 ]. In agreement with the results of this study, a similar observation of an increase in OMC was observed by Renet al [ 17 ] and Li et al [ 4 , 27 ]. Furthermore, other studies have also shown that the soil OMC could be effectively improved by planting winter legume crops, returning crop stems and stalks to the field, comprehensively utilizing agricultural and animal husbandry wastes, and making compost by using rural litter and gully soil [ 28 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 ].…”

“…The results from this study indicated that there was no significant difference in soil pH between the addition of commercial organic fertilizer, chemical compound fertilizer, and the control of corn rhizosphere soil during 2019 to 2021. However, compared with the control, the soil pH was slightly increased by PMMR-OF, SM-OF, and CCF from pH 5.59 to pH 5.61–6.64 in 2019–2021, excluding a slight decrease by SM-OF to pH 5.40–5.54 in 2019, which is in coordination with our previous studies [ 13 , 17 , 27 , 28 , 29 ], and indicated that the pH of soil can be changed to a certain extent. Furthermore, the soil OMC was significantly increased by all the test commercial organic fertilizers in 2019–2021.…”

“…In general, greater diversity was observed in the four replicates of PMMR–OF (1.80 kg/m 2 ) and SM–OF (1.35 kg/m 2 ) in the bacterial community structure, and greater diversity was also observed in the four replicates of PMMR–OF (0.90 kg/m 2 and 1.35 kg/m 2 ) in the fungal community structure, respectively ( Figure 4 ). In agreement with the results of this study, continuous application of bio-organic fertilizer, commercial organic fertilizer, and microbial fertilizer caused a significant change in bacterial and fungal communities in barberry, cotton, and corn soil [ 27 , 47 ].…”

“…Nedunchezhiyan et al [ 26 ] reported that the application of rice straw and farmyard manure increased sweet potato growth and root yield under lowland conditions. Li et al [ 27 ] revealed that sheep manure exhibited a great promotion effect on corn production in newly reclaimed land. On the other hand, in order to elucidate the effect of years on decomposition of organic residue and major traits, the agronomic data in the study should be further analyzed by giving analysis of variance for all traits, including treatment and year, and interaction of treatments and year effects.…”

The effects of microbial fertilizer based Aspergillus brunneoviolaceus HZ23 on pakchoi growth, soil properties, rhizosphere bacterial community structure, and metabolites in newly reclaimed land

“…For example, Zhang et al (2018) showed that yield of facility tomato was improved after the Frontiers in Microbiology 12 frontiersin.org application of microbial fertilizers (especially ABA-2). Li et al (2022c) reported that the application of Tuzangjin microbial fertilizer, carbonergic microbial agent, and seaweed fertilizer resulted in a greater promotion effect on corn production in newly reclaimed land, and the applied amount of microbial fertilizers could be reduced as the soil fertility improves. The soil properties in the packchoi field were differentially affected by different treatments, and the effect was dependent on the soil parameters and the kind of fertilizer.…”