Effects of different intensities of continuous training on vascular inflammation and oxidative stress in spontaneously hypertensive rats

Abstract

We aimed to study the effects and underlying mechanism of different intensities of continuous training (CT) on vascular inflammation and oxidative stress in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Rats were divided into five groups (n = 12): Wistar‐Kyoto rats sedentary group (WKY‐S), sedentary group (SHR‐S), low‐intensity CT group (SHR‐L), medium‐intensity CT group (SHR‐M) and high‐intensity CT group (SHR‐H). Changes in body mass, heart rate and blood pressure were recorded. The rats were euthanized after 14 weeks, and blood and vascular tissue samples were collected. Haematoxylin and Eosin staining was used to observe the aortic morphology, and Western blot was used to detect the expression of mesenteric artery proteins. After CT, the mean arterial pressures improved in SHR‐L and SHR‐M and increased in SHR‐H compared with those in SHR‐S. Vascular inflammation and oxidative stress levels significantly subsided in SHR‐L and SHR‐M (p < 0.05), whereas in SHR‐H, only vascular inflammation significantly subsided (p < 0.05), and oxidative stress remained unchanged (p > 0.05). AMPK and SIRT1/3 expressions in SHR‐L and SHR‐M were significantly up‐regulated than those in SHR‐S (p < 0.05). These results indicated that low‐ and medium‐intensity CT can effectively reduce the inflammatory response and oxidative stress of SHR vascular tissue, and high‐intensity CT can improve vascular tissue inflammation but not oxidative stress.

Irisin, Exercise, and COVID-19

“…However, the effect magnitude will depend on exercise intensity, duration, glycogen availability, and training status (57). Interestingly, highintensity training did not improve AMPK activation in hypertensive rats, which contrasts with low-and mediumintensity exercise (58).…”

“…Also, proinflammatory cytokines may trigger TLR4/MyD88/NF-kB pathways activation, contributing to hypertensive response in the hypothalamus (103). Considering exercise effects on hypertension, low-and mediumintensity exercise effectively improved blood pressure through TLR4/NF-kB suppression (58) and improved hypertension in rats (103). Exercise modulates TLR4 and NF-kB expressions, depending on the training intensity: acute, moderate, low, and on the training frequency: acute and regular (104).…”

Aerobic Exercise Training Improves Renal Injury in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats by Increasing Renalase Expression in Medulla

“…This study revealed that continuous aerobic exercise had positive effect on oxidative stress and renal dysfunction in SHR. Both low intensity and medium intensity could improve the renal dysfunction and the oxidative stress of SHR, while our previous research found adverse effects of HICT on blood pressure and oxidative stress ( 36 ). A key finding was observed in this research: Both low intensity and medium intensity could significantly improve the renal dysfuntion of SHR, while medium intensity showed a better effect.…”

“…Exercise protocols were performed on a treadmill (SA101C; SANS Biological Technology, Jiangsu, China) customized to research sports physiology and pathology characteristics of small experimental animals (220 V, 50 Hz; 8 trails for running; speed control 0–100 m/min with a resolution of 0.01 m/min) and connected to a treadmill-software for continuous speed monitoring ( 36 ).…”

“…Renal function and oxidative stress indicators in the serum were measured using reagent kits provided by the Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute (Nanjing, China) ( 36 ). Serum creatinine (Scr) levels were measured using the sarcosine oxidase method.…”