Effects of Different Ectomycorrhizal Fungal Inoculates on the Growth of Pinus tabulaeformis Seedlings under Greenhouse Conditions

Lu, Nan; Meng, Yu; Cui, Ming; Luo, Zhi-Ming; Feng, Yue; Cao, Sen; Sun, Yali; Li, Yun

doi:10.3390/f7120316

Cited by 17 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…We studied the effect of ECMF and DSE inoculation on rhizosphere microbial community structure, C mic and soil enzyme activities of PWN infected P. tabulaeformis seedlings. Although ECMF inoculation can improve rhizosphere soil enzymatic activities (Lu et al, 2016), in our study, exogenous ECMF/DSE inoculation seemed to have no obvious effect on soil enzymatic activities. One explanation is that soil enzymatic activities might not be as sensitive in the relatively stable greenhouse conditions and small isolated pots as they would be in natural conditions.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 74%

Inoculation With Ectomycorrhizal Fungi and Dark Septate Endophytes Contributes to the Resistance of Pinus spp. to Pine Wilt Disease

et al. 2021

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Pine wilt disease (PWD) is a deadly disease to pines (Pinus spp.) worldwide. The occurrence of PWD can reduce the relative abundance of root ectomycorrhizal fungi (ECMF) and dark septate endophytes (DSE). However, the effects of exogenous ECMF/DSE inoculation on the rhizosphere microbial community structure of Pinus tabulaeformis infected by pine wood nematode (PWN) is little known. Here, we tested how ECMF/DSE may improve resistance to PWD by quantifying microbial carbon biomass and soil enzymatic activity among different treatments at 6 and 9 months after PWN infection. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) was used to study the microbial community structure at 3, 6, and 9 months after PWN infection in the rhizosphere of P. tabulaeformis seedlings inoculated with ECMF/DSE. The results showed that exogenous ECMF/DSE inoculation reduced the disease severity caused by PWN infection. After PWN infection, the rhizosphere microbial carbon of seedlings inoculated with Amanita vaginata, Suillus bovinus, Gaeumannomyces cylindrosporus, and Paraphoma chrysanthemicola was 38.16, 49.67, 42.11, and 96.05% higher than that of the control group, respectively. Inoculation of ECMF/DSE inhibited the decrease of rhizosphere microbial biomass caused by PWN infection. The richness and diversity of P. tabulaeformis rhizosphere fungi at 9 months were reduced by PWN infection but partially recovered by the exogenous fungi (ECMF/DSE) inoculation except for P. chrysanthemicola, which indicates a role of ECMF/DSE in maintaining stability of the microbial community. Inoculation with ECMF/DSE increased the beneficial bacterial (Thauera sp., Mesorhizobium sp., etc.) and fungal groups (Tomentella ellisii, Wilcoxina mikolae, etc.) of in the rhizosphere. In summary, exogenous ECMF/DSE inoculation could increase P. tabulaeformis resistance to PWD probably by improving the rhizosphere microenvironment.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 74%

Inoculation With Ectomycorrhizal Fungi and Dark Septate Endophytes Contributes to the Resistance of Pinus spp. to Pine Wilt Disease

et al. 2021

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“…Sucrase activity was determined spectrophotometrically at 508 nm. The protease activity was determined by ninhydrin colorimetry, expressed in milligrams of amino nitrogen in 1 g of soil cultured for 24 h in a 37 °C incubator [ 67 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intercropping of Peanut–Tea Enhances Soil Enzymatic Activity and Soil Nutrient Status at Different Soil Profiles in Subtropical Southern China

Farooq

Kumar

et al. 2021

Plants

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Intercropping is one of the most widely used agroforestry techniques, reducing the harmful impacts of external inputs such as fertilizers. It also controls soil erosion, increases soil nutrients availability, and reduces weed growth. In this study, the intercropping of peanut (Arachishypogaea L.) was done with tea plants (Camellia oleifera), and it was compared with the mono-cropping of tea and peanut. Soil health and fertility were examined by analyzing the variability in soil enzymatic activity and soil nutrients availability at different soil depths (0–10 cm, 10–20 cm, 20–30 cm, and 30–40 cm). Results showed that the peanut–tea intercropping considerably impacted the soil organic carbon (SOC), soil nutrient availability, and soil enzymatic responses at different soil depths. The activity of protease, sucrase, and acid phosphatase was higher in intercropping, while the activity of urease and catalase was higher in peanut monoculture. In intercropping, total phosphorus (TP) was 14.2%, 34.2%, 77.7%, 61.9%; total potassium (TK) was 13.4%, 20%, 27.4%, 20%; available phosphorus (AP) was 52.9%, 26.56%, 61.1%; 146.15% and available potassium (AK) was 11.1%, 43.06%, 46.79% higher than the mono-cropping of tea in respective soil layers. Additionally, available nitrogen (AN) was 51.78%, 5.92%, and 15.32% lower in the 10–20 cm, 20–30 cm, and 30–40 cm layers of the intercropping system than in the mono-cropping system of peanut. Moreover, the soil enzymatic activity was significantly correlated with SOC and total nitrogen (TN) content across all soil depths and cropping systems. The depth and path analysis effect revealed that SOC directly affected sucrase, protease, urease, and catalase enzymes in an intercropping system. It was concluded that an increase in the soil enzymatic activity in the intercropping pattern improved the reaction rate at which organic matter decomposed and released nutrients into the soil environment. Enzyme activity in the decomposition process plays a vital role in forest soil morphology and function. For efficient land use in the cropping system, it is necessary to develop coherent agroforestry practices. The results in this study revealed that intercropping certainly enhance soil nutrients status and positively impacts soil conservation.

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“…We used a standard seedling substrate, which was a blend of white and black sphagnum peat buffered with coco fibre (Klasmann-Deilmann GmbH, Geeste, Germany) that had previously been sterilized by autoclaving. This soil mix is commonly used in greenhouses and forest nurseries and it has previously been used in studies looking at mycorrhizae, which have shown that it is a suitable substrate for ectomycorrhizae and good colonisation has been observed on seedlings grown in this soil [ 35 ]. All seedlings were planted in 13 × 13 × 13 cm square pots.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fagus sylvatica seedlings show provenance differentiation rather than adaptation to soil in a transplant experiment

et al. 2018

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BackgroundUnderstanding and predicting the response of tree populations to climate change requires understanding the pattern and scale of their adaptation. Climate is often considered the major driver of local adaptation but, although biotic factors such as soil pathogens or mutualists could be as important, their role has typically been neglected. Biotic drivers might also interact with climate to affect performance and mycorrhizae, in particular, are likely to play a key role in determining drought resistance, which is important in the context of adaptation to future environmental change. To address these questions, we performed a fully reciprocal soil–plant transplant experiment using Fagus sylvatica seedlings and soils from three regions in Germany. To separate the biotic and abiotic effects of inoculation, half of the plants were inoculated with natural soil from the different origins, while the rest were grown on sterilized substrate. We also imposed a drought stress treatment to test for interactions between soil biota and climate. After 1 year of growth, we measured aboveground biomass of all seedlings, and quantified mycorrhizal colonization for a subset of the seedlings, which included all soil–plant combinations, to disentangle the effect of mycorrhiza from other agents.ResultsWe found that plant origin had the strongest effect on plant performance, but this interacted with soil origin. In general, trees showed a slight tendency to produce less aboveground biomass on local soils, suggesting soil antagonists could be causing trees to be maladapted to their local soils. Consistently, we found lower mycorrhizal colonization rate under local soil conditions. Across all soils, seedlings from low elevations produced more annual biomass than middle (+ 290%) and high (+ 97%) elevations. Interestingly, mycorrhizal colonization increased with drought in the two provenances that showed higher drought tolerance, which supports previous results showing that mycorrhizae can increase drought resistance.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that soil communities play a role in affecting early performance of temperate trees, although this role may be smaller than that of seed origin. Also, other effects, such as the positive response to generalists or negative interactions with soil biota may be as important as the highly specialized mycorrhizal associations.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12898-018-0197-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Effects of Different Ectomycorrhizal Fungal Inoculates on the Growth of Pinus tabulaeformis Seedlings under Greenhouse Conditions

Cited by 17 publications

References 39 publications

Inoculation With Ectomycorrhizal Fungi and Dark Septate Endophytes Contributes to the Resistance of Pinus spp. to Pine Wilt Disease

Inoculation With Ectomycorrhizal Fungi and Dark Septate Endophytes Contributes to the Resistance of Pinus spp. to Pine Wilt Disease

Intercropping of Peanut–Tea Enhances Soil Enzymatic Activity and Soil Nutrient Status at Different Soil Profiles in Subtropical Southern China

Fagus sylvatica seedlings show provenance differentiation rather than adaptation to soil in a transplant experiment

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