Effects of Different Dietary Lipid Sources on the Survival, Growth, and Fatty Acid Composition of South American Catfish, Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum, Surubim, Juveniles

Abstract

The present study examines the effect of four semi‐purified diets (casein–gelatin based) where the source of fatty acids was free (esterified) oleic acid and linoleic acid (LA) (LOA diet), linseed and olive oil (predominantly LA and linolenic acid) (LO diet), cod liver oil (rich in highly unsaturated fatty acids) (CLO diet), and soybean lecithin (phospholipids; mostly LA) (LE diet) on the growth of juvenile South American catfish (surubim, Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum, Pimelodidae) (0.98 ± 0.04 g individual weight). Fish were fed at a restricted–readjusted feeding rate for 8 wk. At the end of the experiment, LE‐diet‐fed fish grew significantly larger than those of the other three groups (P < 0.05). Considerable cannibalism was observed in all the treatments. It is suggested that the quantitative growth performance may possibly change under other conditions, with less or no cannibalism. Survival did not differ significantly among the fish fed four different diets. Muscle and liver lipid contents did not vary among dietary treatments (P > 0.05), but whole‐body lipid concentrations were affected by dietary treatments. Fish fed LE diet contained significantly lower lipid level than those fed three other diets (P < 0.05). Muscle and liver fatty acid profiles reflected dietary fatty acid composition. Arachidonic acid level was significantly higher in muscle and liver of fish fed LOA and LE diets than in those fed LO and CLO diets. The results suggest that the efficiency of elongation and desaturation of 18C fatty acids depends on the dietary lipid source, and South American catfish has considerable capacity to transform linoleate to arachidonate.

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“…This research supports the results achieved in this study. Additional previous studies have also reported greater growth in the cases where dietary vegetable oils were used in place of fish oil in some fish species such as South American catfish (Arslan et al 2008), rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Rinchard et al 2007), African catfish (Hoffman and Prinsloo, 1995;Ng et al 2003), and hybrid tilapia (Huang et al, 1998;Ng et al, 2001). In freshwater fish species, LA and LNA will fulfill the essential fatty acid requirements because freshwater fish have the ability to convert these fatty acids to longer chain n-3 and n-6 PUFA (Sargent et al, 1995).…”

“…Phospholipids are known to increase lipid utilization and their incorporation into enterocytes (Hadas et al, 2003). Several studies have reported that dietary soybean lecithin, a phospholipids source, had growth promoting effect in sea bass (Cahu et al, 2003), rainbow trout (Rinchard et al, 2007), carp Cyprinus carpio (Geurden et al, 1997), and South American catfish (Arslan et al, 2008). In rainbow trout, fish fed a diet with lecithin as the primary dietary lipid source had significantly higher growth performance than those fed a diet with fish oil in water temperatures ranging from 15 to 19 o C (Rinchard et al, 2007).…”

“…However, in some freshwater fish such as African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Hoffman and Prinsloo, 1995;Ng et al, 2003), hybrid tilapia Oreochromis niloticus × O. aureus (Huang et al, 1998;Ng et al, 2001) and South American catfish Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum (Arslan et al, 2008), growth depletion was observed when they were fed diets based on fish oil. Nevertheless, important changes in fatty acid composition in favor of n-6 fatty acids (Ng et al, 2003;Arslan et al, 2008) and lipid accumulation (Caballero et al, 2003) were evident when vegetable oil was substituted in place of fish oil. Studies focused on fish oil replacement are limited in brown trout.…”

Effects of Dietary Lipid Sources on the Growth and Body Composition of the far Eastern Catfish, Silurus asotus

“…channel catfish (Stickndy and Andrews, 1972), African catfish (Ng et al, 2003) 및 South American catfish (Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum) (Arslan et al, 2008)에서도 본 연구와 유사한 지방산 변화 경향을 보였다. 이러한 결과는 담수어인 메기는 체내에 서 18:2n-6을 20:4n-6 및 22:4n-6으로, 18:3n-3을 20:5n-3 및 22:6n-3으로 전환할 수 있기 때문인 것으로 알려져 있다 (Yamada et al, 1980;Kissil et al, 1987).…”

Performance and nutrient utilization in South American juvenile catfish Pseudoplatystoma spp. weighting 89 - 170g, fed at different energy and protein levels

“…Some research has been performed to improve the knowledge on physiology (Arslan et al, 2008;2009;Noffs et al, 2009) and nutrition (Gonçalves and Carneiro, 2003;Teixeira et al, 2010) of surubim juveniles. However, there are still gaps in the information that need to be filled regarding the rearing system and nutrient utilization.…”