Effects of different crop loads and thinning times on yield, fruit quality, and return bloom in<i>Malus</i>×<i>domestica</i>Borkh. ‘Elstar’

Meland, Mekjell

doi:10.1080/14620316.2009.11512607

Cited by 58 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…On the contrary, for bi-colored apple cultivars, such as 'Eva', higher prices are obtained for fruits that exceed 40 % in RSC % (SENASA, 1983 Increasing crop load can promote biennial bearing in some apple cultivars. The varieties 'Honeycrisp' (Embree et al, 2007) or 'Elstar' (Meland, 2009) had a strong yield decrease after a year with a crop load about 8-9 fruits cm −2 of TCSA. However, not all apple cultivars show biennial bearing (Dennis Jr., 2003); 'Gala' being one of the cultivars with less tendency forward alternate fruit production (Volz, 1988).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Crop loading studies on ‘Caricia’ and ‘Eva’ apples grown in a mild winter area

Castro

Álvarez

Gabriel

et al. 2015

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

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ABSTRACT:The crop load level of an apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) tree impacts fruit yield and quality parameters, tree vigor and biennial bearing. The optimal crop load is that which allows for consistent annual cropping and fruit quality acceptable to the market. We evaluated the effect of crop load on yield and fruit quality of two low-chill apples cv. 'Caricia' and 'Eva', growing in a mild winter area. During 2010 and 2011 crop load was manually adjusted from 2 or 3 to 17 fruits cm −2 of trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA). Fruit yield was positively related to crop load in both cultivars but mean fruit weight diminished as the crop load increased. For both cultivars, the production of non-commercial and small-sized fruit increased, whereas production of middlesized fruit diminished as the fruit load increased. Shoot length was not affected by crop load in 'Eva' whereas it was reduced in 'Caricia'. Red skin color (RSC %) had a quadratic response to crop load in 'Caricia'. On the other hand, the RSC % of 'Eva' fruit was adjusted to a negative logarithmic model as an effect of crop load increment. No biennial bearing was observed in either cultivar. This research study suggests that the maximum limit of crop load for both cultivars is 7 fruits cm −2 of TCSA, and the lower limit of crop load was 3 fruits cm −2 of TCSA for 'Eva' and 5 fruits cm −2 of TCSA for 'Caricia'.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All of these fruit quality attributes are negatively affected by increased crop load, and therefore the economic value of the crop (Embree et al, 2007;Link, 2000;Meland, 2009;Treder, 2008Treder, , 2010Wright et al, 2006). A sub-optimal crop load will result in low yields and increased tree vigor (Inglese et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crop loading studies on ‘Caricia’ and ‘Eva’ apples grown in a mild winter area

Castro

Álvarez

Gabriel

et al. 2015

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

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“…Fruit thinning played a significant role in our experiment. Reducing the crop load allows the fruit that remains to become larger (Racskó, 2006;Meland, 2009;Samuolienė et al, 2016). According to Commission Regulation (2004), extra class fruits of large fruited varieties (in our experiment cultivars 'Ligol', 'Rubin' and 'Šampion') should be at least 110 g, other varieties -90 g. Fruit weight of all tested cultivars fulfilled extra class requirements.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of sustainable plant protection and apple tree management on fruit quality and yield

Valiuškaitė

Uselis

Kviklys

et al. 2017

Zemdirbyste-Agriculture

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Recently, relatively large amounts of pesticides have been used to control diseases and pests in modern apple production. Our investigations were aimed to estimate the effects of sustainable plant protection system and integrated apple-growing technology on apple fruit quality. The research was carried out in 2011-2013 with apple cultivars 'Auksis', 'Alva', 'Connell Red', 'Ligol', 'Lodel', 'Rubin' and 'Šampion'. Sustainable plant protection system based on the internet supported forecasting system iMETOS®sm. According to the rules of the sustainable plant protection system, plant protection products with the same active ingredients were used not more than twice, and preharvest interval was 1.5 times longer than indicated on the product label. Plant protection products labelled as "very toxic" and "toxic" were not used. Scab susceptible cultivars 'Alva' and 'Ligol' on average were sprayed twelve times when other cultivars -nine times. Sustainable plant protection system did not guarantee total scab control; therefore, damaged fruits should be thinned manually. High-quality fruit yield was on average 39 t ha -1 , but the yield of 'Šampion' and 'Ligol' reached 51-56 t ha -1 . The 59% of all investigated cultivars fruits were 70-80 mm in diameter, and 30% of fruits -more than 85 mm. All tested cultivars had averaged low index of biennial bearing 0.11-0.34.

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“…For the sake of clarity, we have not drawn in the other two steadystates (8b) and (8c), because they are irrelevant. The red arrowed curves are the stable and unstable branches of systems (7) and (10). We have drawn some trajectories.…”

Section: Optimal Thinningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Meland [10] analysed thinning at first bloom and at 20 mm fruit size, comparing fruit growth and colour of Elstar apples in Norway and found that thinning at first bloom resulted in significantly higher fruit weights and improved background fruit colour. Lang and Ophardt [11] report that flower bud thinning in cherries prior to bloom although decreasing total yield up to 25% increased average fruit size up to 43%.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

An optimal control model of crop thinning in viticulture

Schamel¹,

Schubert²

2016

BIO Web Conf.

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Abstract.We develop an economic model of cluster thinning in viticulture to control for grape quantity harvested and grape quality, applying a simple optimal control model with the aim to raise grape quality and related economic profits. The model maximizes vineyard owner profits and allows to discuss two relevant scenarios using a phase diagram analysis: (1) when the initial grape quantity is sufficiently small, thinning grapes will not be optimal and (2) when the initial grape quantity is high enough, it is optimal to thin grapes from the beginning of the relevant planning horizon and to reduce the quantity over time until the stock of grapes arrives at its optimum. Depending on the model's parameters, the "stopping time" for thinning grapes is reached sooner or later. After the stopping time, grape quantity evolves solely according to natural decay. The results relate to observed dynamics in viticulture and for other horticultural crops.

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Effects of different crop loads and thinning times on yield, fruit quality, and return bloom inMalus×domesticaBorkh. ‘Elstar’

Cited by 58 publications

References 10 publications

Crop loading studies on ‘Caricia’ and ‘Eva’ apples grown in a mild winter area

Crop loading studies on ‘Caricia’ and ‘Eva’ apples grown in a mild winter area

The effect of sustainable plant protection and apple tree management on fruit quality and yield

An optimal control model of crop thinning in viticulture

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