Effects of different chemical modifications on the structure and biological activities of polysaccharides from Orchis chusua D. Don

Abstract

In this study, an enzyme‐assisted extraction method was used to extract Orchis chusua D. Don (Salep) polysaccharide (SP), which was then modified by sulfation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and carboxymethylation to obtain modified polysaccharides. Furthermore, their degree of substitution, chemical composition, and molecular weight were evaluated. The primary structural features were characterized by UV spectra, FT‐IR spectra, Congo‐red test, and scanning electron microscope. The phosphorylated polysaccharide (SP‐P) was demonstrated the highest scavenging ability on hydroxyl radical and growth‐promoting activity on Lactobacillus Bulgaricus. The carboxymethylated polysaccharide (SP‐C) was exhibited the strongest DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging effects. The acetylated polysaccharide (SP‐A) displayed the best proliferation effects on Bifidobacterium adolescentis, whereas the sulfated polysaccharide (SP‐S) maintained moderately stable antioxidant and probiotic ability. These findings indicate that the modified polysaccharides had their potential significance as new antioxidants and probiotics for the food industry. Practical Application This article provides a new source for the development of polysaccharide derivatives as new antioxidants and probiotics for the food industry.

Carboxymethylation of Desmodium styracifolium Polysaccharide and Its Repair Effect on Damaged HK-2 Cells

“…The scavenging ability of CDSPs on •OH and DPPH radicals increased with increased -COOH content of polysaccharide (Figure 2), and the scavenging ability of CDSPs on DPPH radicals was more evident than on •OH (Figure 2(b)). Nuerxiati et al [70] reported that carboxymethylated derivatives of Orchis chusua D. Don (Salep) polysaccharide (SP-C) exhibited stronger DPPH radical scavenging activity than phosphorylated derivatives of SP and sulfate derivatives of SP. SP-C has more lone pairs of electrons than other derivatives, and the lone pair electrons of carboxymethylated polysaccharides can provide electrons to free radicals or attract unpaired electrons of free radicals, so it is easy to capture free radicals, directly quench or inhibit free radicals, stop the chain reaction of free radicals, and play an antioxidant role.…”

Synthesis and Evaluation of Antioxidant and Potential Prebiotic Activities of Acetylated and Butyrylated Fructo-Oligosaccharides

“…After 72 h incubation, the numbers of the living bacteria in Ac-FOS and Bu-FOS groups were greater than in the FOS group and Glu group. Phosphorylated polysaccharides had the strongest probiotic activity for Lactobacillus bulgaricus of all modified polysaccharides, and acetylated polysaccharides had significant growth-promoting effects for Bifidobacterium adolescentis [ 9 ]. Chemically modified prebiotics may be strain-selective for their growth-promoting activities.…”

“…Acetylation and butyrylation of polysaccharides have been reported in previous studies. Acetylated polysaccharides display the best proliferation effects on Bifidobacterium adolescentis [ 9 ]. Butyl group distribution plays a pivotal role in regulating the intestinal digestion and colonic fermentation of butyrylated starch [ 10 ].…”

Covalent binding of flavonoids with silk sericin hydrolysate: Anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, and physicochemical properties of flavonoid–sericin hydrolysate conjugates

“…ABTS radical scavenging activity of sericin hydrolysate and its flavonoid conjugates was assessed according to the literature of (Nuerxiati et al, 2021) with slight modification. Vitamin C was used as a positive control drug.…”

“…The absorbance at 623 nm was read after 10 mins. The copper chelating activity was calculated by using the formula below: 2.14.2 | 2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) radical scavenging activity ABTS radical scavenging activity of sericin hydrolysate and its flavonoid conjugates was assessed according to the literature of(Nuerxiati et al, 2021) with slight modification. Vitamin C was used as a positive control drug.…”