Effects of Different Cathode Materials on Submicrosecond Double-Gap Vircator Operation

Shlapakovski, A.; Kweller, T.; Hadas, Yuval; Krasik, Ya. E.; Polevin, S. D.; Kurkan, I. K.

doi:10.1109/tps.2009.2021688

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…It should also be taken into account in planning the experiments that XOOPIC simulation is performed at constant beam energy and current, set as parameters that could cause radiation power overestimation [9], while INPIC simulation makes it possible to easily include the change in the cathode voltage, as well as to simulate the actual current.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of an axial vircator with a three-cavity resonator

Molchanov¹,

Gurnevich²,

Tikhomirov³

et al. 2014

Preprint

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We simulated an axial vircator with a three-cavity resonator and expected generation efficiency 6-7%. For adequate description of physical processes taking place inside a vircator we used two independent PIC codes: self-developed INPIC and free XOOPIC. Based on both the analysis of the vircator proposed in [1] and consideration of the devices operating at cathode-anode voltages under 450 kV we suggest 3 possible designs of a three-cavity resonator such that enable one to produce High Power Microwave in GW power range.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of an axial vircator with a three-cavity resonator

Molchanov¹,

Gurnevich²,

Tikhomirov³

et al. 2014

Preprint

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“…When creating accelerators based on vacuum diodes, it is important to speed up the electron emission process from the cathode [16][17][18][19]. In such accelerators, cathodes made of different materials or plasma cathodes are used, and studies show that the cathode material has no effect on the electron emission process from its surface or cathode plasma [20][21][22]. The current loss of the electron beam output from the vacuum diode depends on the material and thickness of the anode [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of cathode and anode materials on the high-energy electron beam in the nanosecond-pulse breakdown in gas-filled diodes

Zhang¹,

Huang²,

Ding³

et al. 2019

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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High-energy electron beam can be generated during the breakdown process in a gas diode at elevated pressures. The design of electrodes in the gas diode affects the parameters of these electron beams. In this paper, investigation on parameters of the runaway electron beam (REB) in air and nitrogen excited by nanosecond pulsed generators are presented. Experiments were carried out with gas diodes by using cathode and anode made of different materials, including stainless steel, aluminum, copper and titanium. Experimental results show that, in the case of nanosecond-pulse breakdown, the cathode material significantly affects the amplitude of the REB current pulse when either pressure or gap spacing are small. When the pressure is low, the REB current is highest for the stainless steel cathode due to its small electron work function. However, the REB current for the aluminum, copper and titanium cathodes is higher than that of stainless steel cathode at atmospheric pressure because of the Malter effect on their surfaces. The dependence of the amplitude of the REB current on the anode foils is investigated by using aluminum, titanium, copper and tantalum. The experimental results show that the atomic number of the metal, as well as mass mean free path of the electron in it contribute to the amplitude of the REB current pulse. Based on the REB currents of different anode foils, energy distribution of runaway electrons is estimated. Electron distribution with an average energy of ~55 keV is obtained when the amplitude of the applied voltage pulse across the discharge gap is 110 kV. The results may contribute to the design of the gas diode for the generation of high-energy electron beams in nanosecond-pulse breakdown.

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“…At the present time, the field-emission cathodes (Spindt array, Latham emitter et al) are widely applied in high-power microwave electronics and, particularly, in the design of relativistic vircators due to their undoubted advantages (Rozhnev et al 2002;Benford et al 2007;Krasik et al 2009;Shlapakovski et al 2009). So, the investigation of the influence of the emission modulation and its parameters on the generation characteristics of the relativistic vircator with the field-emission cathode from the point of view of the possibility of the vircator characteristics (efficiency, output microwave power, generation frequency, tunability) improvement is the actual problem of high-power microwave electronics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the electron beam modulation on the sub-THz generation in the vircator with the field-emission cathode

2015

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In this paper, we focus on the numerical investigation of the vircator with a controlling emission from a field-emission cathode. The external harmonic signal is added to the accelerating electric field in the beam formation region and effects on the beam emission process leading to the electron emission modulation. As a consequence, the beam is injected into the drift chamber of the vircator being density-modulated. The strong influence of the modulation parameters (modulation depth and frequency) on the characteristics of virtual cathode oscillations has been discovered. We have shown that the tuning of the modulation frequency to the harmonics of the basic frequency of virtual cathode oscillations leads to the considerable power increase of its higher harmonics in the output spectrum.

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Effects of Different Cathode Materials on Submicrosecond Double-Gap Vircator Operation

Cited by 17 publications

References 10 publications

Simulation of an axial vircator with a three-cavity resonator

Simulation of an axial vircator with a three-cavity resonator

Effect of cathode and anode materials on the high-energy electron beam in the nanosecond-pulse breakdown in gas-filled diodes

Effect of the electron beam modulation on the sub-THz generation in the vircator with the field-emission cathode

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