Effects of dietary vitamin E supplementation on growth performance, lipid peroxidation and tissue fatty acid composition of black sea bream (Acanthopagrus schlegeli) fed oxidized fish oil

Abstract

A 9‐week feeding experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary vitamin E supplementation on growth, lipid peroxidation and fatty acid composition of black sea bream fed oxidized oil. The FL and OL diets contained fresh fish oil and oxidized oil, respectively, without additional vitamin E supplementation. Another four α‐tocopherol levels (150, 250, 450 and 800 mg kg−1 diet) were used within the OL diet, giving a total of six experimental diets. Fish were hand‐fed to apparent satiation twice daily. At end of the trial, the weight gain and survival rate of fish were significantly reduced by diets with oxidized oil, whereas hepatosomatic index was remarkably high in fish fed oxidized oil diet. However, vitamin E supplementation to diet significantly improved growth performance and increased vitamin E content in the liver. Although, liver thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and docosahexaenoic acid were significantly increased by dietary oxidized oil, their levels were reduced by dietary vitamin E supplementation. Our results indicate that the fish were performing the best at intermediate concentrations of α‐tocopherol and a dose of >150 mg α‐tocopherol kg−1 diet could reduce lipid peroxidation and improve fish growth performance when oxidized oils exist in diet.

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“…This effect of OFO on growth performance is disagreement with the findings in sea bream, Sparus aurata (Tocher et al 2003), Atlantic cod, (Zhong et al, 2008) and black sea bream, Spondyliosoma cantharus (Peng et al, 2009) fed different levels of oxidized oils for 8 weeks or more. Tocher et al (2003) reported that OFO slightly stimulated growth of sea bream for 8 weeks.…”

“…Decrease in whole-body crude protein content in black sea bream fed by OFO had been reported, while Vit. E abrogated this phenomena (Peng et al, 2009). Dietary GTE could lower lipid content of liver in flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus although the body lipid of the fish, without the livers, did not show any change in compare to control (Cho et al, 2006).…”

“…Despite deleterious effects of OFO found in some aquatic animals (Fontagné et al, 2006;Peng et al, 2009;Sargent et al 2002) less is known about its action in sturgeon. For evaluating protective effects of green tea against OFO, this study was done to evaluate the effects of green tea extract in promotion of growth and immune status of sturgeon hybrid (Huso huso ♂ × Acipenser ruthenus ♀) fed dietary OFO.…”

“…Ingestion of diets including oxidized lipid could be detrimental through modification of fatty acid profiles and vitamin E depletion (Baker & Davies, 1997). The adverse effects of dietary oxidized fish oil (OFO) including the depression of appetite and decrease of growth (Fontagné, Bazin, Brèque, Vachot, Bernarde, Rouault, & Bergot, 2006;Peng et al, 2009) anemia and depletion of vitamins E and C (Sargent et al, 2002), increase in intensity of stress responses (Alves Martins et al, 2007) Vit. E had been used in different studies to counteract with adverse effects of OFO on fish immune system (Zhong, Lall, & Shahidi, 2008;Wang, Lee, Rha, Yoon, Park, Han, & Kim, 2015).…”

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“…However, it is very susceptible to oxidizing, and its oxidization results in formation of primary and secondary products such as lipid hydroperoxides, ketones and aldehydes. These oxidation products negatively affect feeds nutritive value and suppress fish growth (Huang & Huang, 2004;Peng et al, 2009). It has been reported that oxidized fish oil influences cholesterol metabolism leading to cholesterol shortage in cell (Ren & Huo, 2000).…”