“…It has been considered as an essential nutrient for many fish species due to their limited taurine biosynthesis abilities (Takagi, Murata, Goto, Endo, Yamashita & Ukawa 2008;Li, Mai, Trushenski & Wu 2009;Espe & Holen 2013;Lim, Oh, Khosravi, Cha, Park, Kim & Lee 2013;Salze & Davis 2015). Taurine has multiple physiological functions in fish, such as growth stimulation (Lunger, McLean, Gaylord, Kuhn & Craig 2007), osmoregulation (Takagi, Murata, Goto, Hayashi, Hatate, Endo, Yamashita & Ukawa 2006a;Kato, Yamamoto, Peerapon, Fukada, Biswas, Yamamoto, Takii & Miyashita 2014), bile salt conjugation (Kim, Matsunari, Takeuchi, Yokoyama, Murata & Ishihara 2007), antioxidant defence (Espe & Holen 2013) and larvae development (Pinto, Figueira, Ribeiro, Y ufera, Dinis & Aragão 2010).…”