Effects of dietary taurine amino acid on growth performance, mucosal and immune response, gene expression and antioxidant defence of asian seabass (Lates calcarifer)

Immunonutrition: facilitating mucosal immune response in teleost intestine with amino acids through oxidant-antioxidant balance

“…The bile can be excreted into the duodenum through the bile duct in response to a digestion-induced increase in the concentration of bicarbonate from ductal epithelial cells (97). Bile acids have the ability to conjugate with glycine and taurine to form bile salts to facilitate intestinal absorption of dietary lipids, including lipidsoluble vitamins like the antioxidant vitamin E to mediate antioxidant balance (26,99). Lowered CAT activity in fish liver has been observed during starvation while SOD and GPx activities have been reported to increase, leading to oxidative damage (94, 100-102).…”

Nutrition and Gut Health: Recent Advances and Implications for Development of Functional Foods

“…Examples include the impacts of dietary carbohydrates [ 30 , 31 , 32 ], AAs [ 33 , 34 , 35 ], lipids [ 36 , 37 , 38 ], and non-nutrient bioactive molecules [ 39 , 40 , 41 ] on the composition, metabolism, and function of the intestinal microbiota as well as the health, well-being, and immune response of humans and animals (e.g., pigs, poultry, rodents, fish, and crustaceans). In addition, these articles contributed to the emerging research for establishing the needs of aquatic animals (e.g., fish) for dietary AAs (e.g., glutamate and glycine) [ 42 , 43 , 44 ], lipids [ 45 ], and flavonoid- and phenolic-rich prebiotics [ 46 ] so as to optimize mucosal immune responses as well as anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory capacities. This new knowledge is expected to facilitate the development of functional nutrients and foods to improve the health, growth, development, and reproduction of mammals, birds, and other animal species.…”