Effects of dietary supplementation with lysozyme during late gestation and lactation stage on the performance of sows and their offspring1

Xu, Shengyu; Shi, Jiankai; Shi, Xiaoling; Dong, Yanpeng; Wu, Xiaoling; Li, Zimei; Fang, Zhengfeng; Lin, Yan; Che, Lianqiang; Li, Jian; Wang, Jianping; Wu, De; Shen, Yanping

doi:10.1093/jas/sky338

Cited by 11 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Consistent with this hypothesis, lipocalin-2 and pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α in feces were decreased in the LZM 150 and 300 groups, while the IL-10 (anti-inflammatory cytokines) increased in the LZM 150 group on days 7 and 21 of lactation. Consistent with these findings, our previous study found that LZM 150 and LZM 300 increased IL-10 in serum on day 7 of sow lactation, and had a tendency to enhance IL-10 in serum on day 1 of lactation 22 , and previous studies also found that lysozyme are involved in modulating the inflammatory response 14,15 . Cytokines regulate both immune responses 52 and nutrient distribution which, characterized by proinflammatory cytokines, induce more nutrients to enter the immune response rather than being used for growth 53,54 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Diets supplemented with lysozyme decreased sows' acetate, butyrate and SCFAs on day 7 of lactation, while they decreased the butyrate on day 21 of lactation compared with the control treatment. Based on our previous data, sows on lysozyme diets didn't have any difference in back fat, weight increase during the gestation period or weight loss during the lactation period when compared with sows in the control treatment 22 . It seems that the decrease of the SCFAs didn't affect sows' lipid and glucose metabolism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Before farrowing, sows were fed an average of 3.5 kg/d diet. On farrowing days, sows were fed 0.5 kg of feed, which was gradually increased by 1.0 kg/d until the maximum feeding amount was reached as described as before 22 . Sows were then allowed to feed ad libitum throughout the rest of their lactation days.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 5 mL blood sample was obtained from the same 10 sows' ear veins for each treatment group before morning meal on days 1, 7 and 21 of lactation. Serum samples were obtained by centrifuging blood for 10 min at 3,000 g at 4 °C, and were then stored at −20 °C for further analysis 22 .…”

Section: Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In piglets it has been found that lysozyme (LZM), acting as an alternative to antibiotics, has beneficial effects on gut morphology 16,17 , immunity 18,19 , intestinal flora 19 , and growth performance 20,21 . Results of our previous study suggested that adding LZM to the diet of sows' resulted in an increased average daily feed intake (ADFI) during lactation, shortened weaning-to-estrus interval (WEI), and improved sow and offspring health as indicated by altered inflammatory cytokines and a reduction in the piglets' diarrhea rate 22 . However, there remains little knowledge of the maternal diversity of gut microbiota following lysozyme supplementation during the perinatal period.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Fecal bacteria and metabolite responses to dietary lysozyme in a sow model from late gestation until lactation

Shi

Dong

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Lysozyme (LZM) is a natural anti-bacterial protein that is found in the saliva, tears and milk of all mammals including humans. Its anti-bacterial properties result from the ability to cleave bacterial cell walls, causing bacterial death. The current study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary LZM on fecal microbial composition and variation in metabolites in sow. The addition of LZM decreased the fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Zonulin and endotoxin in the serum, and feces, were decreased with lysozyme supplementation. Furthermore, fecal concentrations of lipocalin-2 and the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α were also decreased while the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was increased by lysozyme supplementation. 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the V3-V4 region suggested that fecal microbial levels changed at different taxonomic levels with the addition of LZM. Representative changes included the reduction of diversity between sows, decreased Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Tenericutes and Spirochaetes during lactation as well as an increase in Lactobacillus. These findings suggest that dietary lysozyme supplementation from late gestation to lactation promote microbial changes, which would potentially be the mechanisms by which maternal metabolites and inflammatory status was altered after LZM supplementation.Microbial diversity in sows' feces. A total of 54 fecal samples were subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Average raw reads, average effective tags and average operational taxonomic units (OTUs) for each treatment were shown in Supplementary Table S1. A set of 1,272 OTUs existed in all treatments and were thus defined as core OTUs (Fig. S2). These comprised 71.5% of the total number of OTUs, whereas 44,37,52, 135,47, 105, 72,56 and 57 OTUs were uniquely identified at Con. d1, LZM 150 d1, LZM 300 d1, Con. d7, LZM 150 d7, LZM 300 d7, Con. d21, LZM 150 d21 and LZM 300 d21, respectively (Fig. S2). To determine the bacterial diversity, the alpha and beta diversity of the fecal microbiota were assessed. We then compared the richness (observed species and Chao 1 index) and diversity (Shannon index) indices for the alpha diversity. As demonstrated in Table 2, LZM 300 diets decreased the observed species and Chao 1 index at day 21 of lactation. The lactation stage had a significant effect on fecal microbial community richness, with a Chao 1 index on day 1 of lactation being lower than at other stages (P < 0.01). A decrease in Shannon index (fecal microbial community diversity) with LZM supplementation at 300 mg/kg was found on day 7 and 21 of lactation (P < 0.01). For the analysis of beta diversity, the relationships among Control, LZM 150 and LZM 300 on day 1, 7 and 21 of lactation in the gut microbiome were examined by principal component analysis. The gut microbiota of sows showed obvious segregation in the different treatments, especially in treatment LZM300 d21 (Fig. 3) based on weighted UniFrac distance. The PERMANOVA analysis found that the bacterial community structure was significantly (P < 0...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fecal bacteria and metabolite responses to dietary lysozyme in a sow model from late gestation until lactation

Shi

Dong

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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A multi-omics approach to elucidate the mechanisms of action of a dietary muramidase administered to broiler chickens

Brugaletta

Cesare

Laghi

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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A novel dietary muramidase has been shown to have positive effects on broiler chickens. However, very little is known about its mechanisms of action. The present multi-omics investigation sought to address this knowledge gap. A total of 2,340 day-old male broilers were assigned to 3 groups (12 replicates each) fed, from 0 to 42 d, a basal diet (control group—CON) or the basal diet supplemented with muramidase at 25,000 (low-dose group—MUL) or 45,000 LSU(F)/kg feed (high-dose group—MUH). MUH significantly outperformed CON in terms of cumulative feed intake (4,798 vs 4,705 g), body weight (2,906 vs 2,775 g), and feed conversion ratio (1.686 vs 1.729), while MUL exhibited intermediate performance. At caecal level, MUH showed the lowest alpha diversity, a significantly different beta diversity, a reduction in Firmicutes, and a rise in Bacteroidetes, especially compared with MUL. MUH also exhibited a considerable decrease in Clostridiaceae and an overrepresentation of Bacteroidaceae and Lactobacillaceae. At blood level, MUH had lower hypoxanthine—probably due to its drop at caecal level—histidine, and uracil, while greater pyruvate, 2-oxoglutarate, and glucose. This study sheds light on the mode of action of this muramidase and lays the groundwork for future investigations on its effects on the intestinal ecosystem and systemic metabolism of broiler chickens.

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Antimicrobial peptides modulate lung injury by altering the intestinal microbiota

Abdelgawad,

Nicola,

Martin

et al. 2023

Microbiome

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Background Mammalian mucosal barriers secrete antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) as critical, host-derived regulators of the microbiota. However, mechanisms that support microbiota homeostasis in response to inflammatory stimuli, such as supraphysiologic oxygen, remain unclear. Results We show that supraphysiologic oxygen exposure to neonatal mice, or direct exposure of intestinal organoids to supraphysiologic oxygen, suppresses the intestinal expression of AMPs and alters intestinal microbiota composition. Oral supplementation of the prototypical AMP lysozyme to hyperoxia-exposed neonatal mice reduced hyperoxia-induced alterations in their microbiota and was associated with decreased lung injury. Conclusions Our results identify a gut-lung axis driven by intestinal AMP expression and mediated by the intestinal microbiota that is linked to lung injury in newborns. Together, these data support that intestinal AMPs modulate lung injury and repair.

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Effects of dietary supplementation with lysozyme during late gestation and lactation stage on the performance of sows and their offspring1

Cited by 11 publications

References 36 publications

Fecal bacteria and metabolite responses to dietary lysozyme in a sow model from late gestation until lactation

Fecal bacteria and metabolite responses to dietary lysozyme in a sow model from late gestation until lactation

A multi-omics approach to elucidate the mechanisms of action of a dietary muramidase administered to broiler chickens

Antimicrobial peptides modulate lung injury by altering the intestinal microbiota

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