Effects of dietary supplementation with cod-liver oil on endothelium-dependent responses in porcine coronary arteries.

Shimokawa, Hiroaki; Lam, Jules Y.T.; Chesebro, James H.; Bowie, E. J. W.; Vanhoutte, Paul M.

doi:10.1161/01.cir.76.4.898

Cited by 159 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…In this experiment, methacholine is used to evoke release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor. It is possible that vasodilation caused by methacholine is mediated by release of prostacyclin or affected by release of a cyclooxygenase-dependent endothelium-derived contracting factor (12). Alternatively, methacholine may have inhibited the release of norepinephrine at the neuro-effector junction, thereby causing vasodilation (13).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impaired vasodilation of forearm resistance vessels in hypercholesterolemic humans.

Creager¹,

Cooke²,

Mendelsohn³

et al. 1990

J. Clin. Invest.

974

464

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The effect of hypercholesterolemia on vascular function was studied in humans. To eliminate the potential confounding effects of atherosclerosis, vascular reactivity was measured in the forearm resistance vessels of 11 normal subjects (serum LDL cholesterol = 111±7 mg/dl) and 13 patients with hypercholesterolemia (serum LDL cholesterol = 211±19 mg/dl, P < 0.05). Each subject received intrabrachial artery infusions of methacholine, which releases endothelium-derived relaxant factor, and nitroprusside which directly stimulates guanylate cyclase in vascular smooth muscle. Maximal vasodilatory potential was determined during reactive hyperemia. Vasoconstrictive responsiveness was examined during intra-arterial phenylephrine infusion. Forearm blood flow was determined by venous occlusion plethysmography. Basal forearm blood flow in normal and hypercholesterolemic subjects was comparable. Similarly, reactive hyperemic blood flow did not differ between the two groups. In contrast, the maximal forearm blood flow response to methacholine in hypercholesterolemic subjects was less than that observed in normal subjects. In addition, the forearm blood flow response to nitroprusside was less in hypercholesterolemic subjects. There was no difference in the forearm vasoconstrictive response to phenylephrine in the two groups. Thus, the vasodilator responses to methacholine and nitroprusside were blunted in patients with hypercholesterolemia. We conclude that in humans with hypercholesterolemia, there is a decreased effect of nitrovasodilators, including endothelium-derived relaxing factor, on the vascular smooth muscle of resistance vessels. (J. Clin. Invest. 1990. 86:228-234.)

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impaired vasodilation of forearm resistance vessels in hypercholesterolemic humans.

Creager¹,

Cooke²,

Mendelsohn³

et al. 1990

J. Clin. Invest.

974

464

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In SHR, the fish oils affected the endothelium-dependent relaxation responses to ACh by inhibiting a contractile cyclo-oxygenase product (Yin et al, 1991), while in porcine arteries the effect of fish oils was probably via the production/release of endotheliumderived relaxing factor (EDRF) (Shimokawa et al, 1987;Shimokawa & Vanhoutte, 1988).…”

Section: Plasma Electrolytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of mechanisms of glucocorticoid hypertension in rats: endothelial related changes and their amelioration by dietary fish oils

Yin

Chu

Beilin

1992

British J Pharmacology

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1 To investigate possible mechanisms of increased systolic blood pressure after 1 weeks treatment with dexamethasone and its amelioration by fish oil feeding, we have examined the reactivity of aortic rings and perfused mesenteric resistance vessels. 2 Thirty six Sprague-Dawley rats were initially divided into two groups and fed a semisynthetic diet containing either (10% by weight) hydrogenated coconut oil and safflower oil mixture (HCO/S) (24 rats) or fish oil (12 rats) for 5 weeks. From the end of the fourth week, dexamethasone (1.25 mg ml-') in drinking water, was given to half the rats on hydrogenated coconut oil (HCO/S + Dex) and to the fish oil-fed group (fish oil + Dex). 3 One week of dexamethasone treatment raised systolic blood pressure in the HCO/S + Dex rats but not in the fish oil + Dex group. 4 Endothelium-dependent relaxation to acetylcholine (ACh) was decreased in aortic rings taken from HCO/S + Dex rats compared to rats on HCO/S alone. Relaxant responses to ACh of aortic rings from rats given fish oil + Dex were intermediate between the three groups. Aortic endothielium-independent responses to sodium nitroprusside (SNP) were unchanged between the groups, while aortic contractile responses to noradrenaline were similar in all the groups. 5 In the perfused mesenteric resistance artery, sensitivity to noradrenaline was decreased in rats given fish oil and dexamethasone compared to the other two groups. There were no differences in resistance vessel relaxation to ACh or SNP between groups. 6 Serum corticosterone levels, used as a marker of dexamethasone absorption, were substantially suppressed in dexamethasone-treated rats but levels were higher in rats on fish oil than on HCO/S diets. 7 We suggest that the glucocorticoid-induced rise in systolic blood pressure may be due in part to decreased aortic compliance as a consequence of impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation and perhaps reduced nitric oxide synthesis. Fish oil feeding may ameliorate this rise in blood pressure through (i) changes in dexamethasone absorption, (ii) decrease in reactivity to noradrenaline of perfused mesenteric resistance arteries, (iii) an increase in endothelium-dependent relaxation to ACh or a combination of these three factors.

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“…However, fish oils were found to modulate production of other substances by endothelial cells, such as plateletderived growth factor-like protein 61 and endotheliumderived relaxing factor. 62 With the possible exception of animal fat intake, other dietary fats generally did not prove to be important determinants of the hemostatic factors in question. Dietary cholesterol, however, was positively associated with plasma fibrinogen, a finding consistent with a previous report of higher fibrinogen levels in subjects on a habitual high-cholesterol diet.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Associations of fish intake and dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids with a hypocoagulable profile. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study.

Shahar

Folsom

et al. 1993

Arterioscler Thromb

101

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Recent epidemiological evidence indicates that the hemostatic profile is an important predictor of cardiovascular disease, yet its dietary determinants are not well established. An important question is whether dietary fatty acid intake influences blood levels of coagulation proteins. We examined potential dietary determinants of six hemostatic factors -fibrinogen, factor VII, factor VIII, von Willebrand factor (vWF), protein C, and antithrombin III -in four population-based samples totaling over 15 000 participants, blacks and whites, in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Usual dietary intake was assessed by a food frequency questionnaire. Cross-sectional associations were explored using multiple linear regression analysis, adjusting for gender, race, age, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol use, diabetes, and field center. Dietary intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) showed negative associations with fibrinogen, factor VIII, and vWF (blacks and whites) and a positive association with protein C (whites only). Fish intake, the major source of dietary n-3 PUFAs, was similarly related to the hemostatic profile: a 1 serving per day greater fish intake was associated with the following predicted differences (95% confidence interval): fibrinogen, -2.9 mg/dL (-6.3, 0.5); factor VIII, -3.3% (-5. hemostatic factors play an important role in cardiovascular disease. Two coagulation proteins, fibrinogen and factor VII, have been shown in prospective studies to be independent predictors of cardiovascular events. 13 The contribution of other coagulation factors such as factor VIII, antithrombin HI (AT-II1), and protein C to cardiovascular disease has not been established prospectively but is quite plausible in view of their well-known roles in thrombogenesis.Dietary determinants of the hemostatic profile have attracted scientific attention over the last decade, with specific interest in the possible influence of various

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Effects of dietary supplementation with cod-liver oil on endothelium-dependent responses in porcine coronary arteries.

Cited by 159 publications

References 30 publications

Impaired vasodilation of forearm resistance vessels in hypercholesterolemic humans.

Impaired vasodilation of forearm resistance vessels in hypercholesterolemic humans.

Study of mechanisms of glucocorticoid hypertension in rats: endothelial related changes and their amelioration by dietary fish oils

Associations of fish intake and dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids with a hypocoagulable profile. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study.

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