Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Vitamin A on Antioxidant and Intestinal Barrier Function of Broilers Co-Infected with Coccidia and Clostridium perfringens

Liu, Chengao; Niu, Junlong; Zhang, Yuanke; Li, Changwu; Zhang, Zhengfan; Guo, Shuangshuang; Bingying, Ding

doi:10.3390/ani12233431

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The jejunal lesion score increased with NE challenge in the present study, indicating the successful establishment of NE. This was consistent with the decrease in feed intake and impairment of the intestinal barrier function in NE-challenged birds [ 27 ]. At the same time, serum glucose, total glyceride, calcium, phosphorus and uric acid levels were reduced with NE challenge as well.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Effects of Vitamin A on Immune Responses and Vitamin A Metabolism in Broiler Chickens Challenged with Necrotic Enteritis

Guo

Zhang

et al. 2023

Life

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Necrotic enteritis (NE) is an important enteric inflammatory disease of poultry, and the effects of vitamin A (VitA) on NE birds are largely unknown. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of VitA on the immune responses and VitA metabolism of NE broilers as well as the underlying mechanisms. Using a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, 336 1-day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly assigned to 4 groups with 7 replicates. Broilers in the control (Ctrl) group were fed a basal diet without extra VitA supplementation. Broilers in the VitA group were fed a basal diet supplemented with 12,000 IU/kg of VitA. Birds in NE and VitA + NE groups were fed corresponding diets and, in addition, co-infected with Eimeria spp. and Clostridium perfringens on days 14 to 20. Samples of the blood, jejunum, spleen and liver were obtained on day 28 for analysis, and meanwhile, lesion scores were also recorded. The results showed that NE challenge increased lesion score in the jejunum and decreased serum glucose, total glyceride, calcium, phosphorus and uric acid levels (p < 0.05). VitA supplementation reduced the levels of serum phosphorus, uric acid and alkaline phosphatase in NE-challenged birds and increased serum low-density lipoprotein content and the activity of aspartate aminotransferase and creatine kinase (p < 0.05). Compared with the Ctrl group, the VitA and NE groups had higher mRNA expression of interferon-γ in the jejunum (p < 0.05). NE challenge up-regulated mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-13, transforming growth factor-β4, aldehyde dehydrogenase (RALDH)-2 and RALDH-3 in the jejunum, while VitA supplementation increased jejunal IL-13 mRNA expression and hepatic VitA content, but down-regulated splenic IL-13 mRNA expression (p < 0.05). The VitA + NE group had higher serum prostaglandin E2 levels and the Ctrl group had higher splenic RALDH-3 mRNA expression than that of the other three groups (p < 0.05). NE challenge up-regulated jejunal retinoic acid receptor (RAR)-β and retinoid X receptor (RXR)-α as well as splenic RAR-α and RAR-β mRNA expression (p < 0.05). VitA supplementation up-regulated jejunal RAR-β expression but down-regulated mRNA expression of RXR-α, RXR-γ, signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) 5 and STAT6 in the spleen (p < 0.05). Moreover, compared with the Ctrl group, the VitA and NE groups had down-regulated mRNA expression of jejunal and splenic Janus kinase (JAK) 1 (p < 0.05). In conclusion, NE challenge induced jejunal injury and expression of Th2 and Treg cell-related cytokines and enhanced RALDH and RAR/RXR mRNA expression, mainly in the jejunum of broilers. VitA supplementation did not alleviate jejunal injury or Th2 cell-related cytokine expression; however, it improved hepatic VitA deposition and inhibited the expression of RALDH-3, RXR and the JAK/STAT signaling pathway in the spleen of broilers. In short, the present study suggested the modulatory effects of vitamin A on the immune responses and vitamin A metabolism in broiler chickens challenged with necrotic enteritis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Effects of Vitamin A on Immune Responses and Vitamin A Metabolism in Broiler Chickens Challenged with Necrotic Enteritis

Guo

Zhang

et al. 2023

Life

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“…When animals are exposed to pathogens, viruses, and harsh environments, the body produces large amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and MDA, which may cause oxidative stress [ 24 ]. It has been shown that broilers with NE condition reduced antioxidant function, induced inflammatory response, and impaired intestinal barrier function [ 19 , 25 , 26 ]. Consistent with previous findings, we found that Jejunal H 2 O 2 and MDA contents were increased, and T-AOC, SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px levels were decreased by CCP challenge, which indicated that CCP co-infection caused oxidative stress in the broiler.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…GSH-Px1 and GSH-Px3 belong to selenium-containing GSH-Px, which have the function of cleaning up reactive oxygen species, with the difference that GSH-Px1 exists in the cytoplasm and mitochondria, and GSH-Px3 exists in the extracellular [ 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ]. Invasion by pathogens can upregulate the expression of the Nrf2 and keap1 genes, which causes oxidative stress in the organism and promotes the entry of Nrf2 into the nucleus to participate in the synthesis of several antioxidant enzymes in reaction to oxidative stress [ 19 , 34 , 35 ]. In our study, Keap1 and Nrf2 mRNA levels were elevated in the liver and jejunum, and jejunal GST and HO-1 mRNA levels were increased in the CCP-challenged broilers, suggesting that CCP infection induces oxidative stress in broilers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Tannic Acid on Antioxidant Function, Immunity, and Intestinal Barrier of Broilers Co-Infected with Coccidia and Clostridium perfringens

Zhang,

Xu,

Liu

et al. 2024

Animals

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The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of tannic acid on the antioxidative function, immunity, and intestinal barrier of broilers co-infected with coccidia and Clostridium perfringens (CCP). A total of 294 1-day-old arbor acres(AA) broilers were divided into three groups: control group (CON), CCP co-infected group (CCP), and 1000 mg/kg TA + CCP co-infected group (CTA). This trial lasted for 28 days. The results showed that the CCP group decreased the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), catalase (CAT), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) levels and increased the contents of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the jejunum (p < 0.05). The mRNA levels of GSH-Px3 and CAT in the liver and jejunum, and the mRNA levels of GSH-Px3, SOD, HO-1, and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase I (NQO1) in the liver were down-regulated by CCP challenge (p < 0.05). In addition, the Keap1 and Nrf2 mRNA levels in the liver and jejunum, jejunal glutathione S-transferase (GST), and heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were upregulated in the CCP group compared with CON (p < 0.05). The mRNA levels of interleukin 8 (IL-8), IL-1β, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and interferon γ (IFN-γ) in the jejunum were elevated, and jejunal mRNA levels of IL-10, zonula occludens protein1 (ZO-1), claudin-1, claudin-2, and occludin were decreased in the CCP treatment (p < 0.05). Dietary supplementation with 1000 mg/kg TA increased the activity of GSH-Px, T-SOD, CAT, and T-AOC and decreased the contents of H2O2 and MDA in the jejunum (p < 0.05). Compared with the CCP group, TA decreased the mRNA level of Keap1 and Nrf2 in the liver and jejunum, increased the GSH-Px3, SOD, and CAT mRNA in the liver, and alleviated the rise of IL-8, IL-1β, iNOS, and IFN-γ and decrease in IL-10, occludin gene expression in the jejunum (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the addition of 1000 mg/kg TA to the diet improved the jejunal barrier, mitigated the jejunal inflammation, and increased the antioxidant capacity of the liver and jejunum through the activation of the transcription factor Nrf2 downstream of the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway in broilers with NE condition.

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“…Furthermore, Dalloul et al (2002) [113] reported that vitamin A deficiency compromised the intestinal defense mechanism against E. acervulina infection, as evidenced by a reduced population of intraepithelial lymphocytes (CD4+ and CD8+ T cells) through alterations in concanavalin A-induced spleen lymphocyte proliferation. Moreover, vitamin A supplementation (12,000 IU/kg) enhanced intestinal morphometry and tight junction integrity in broiler chickens co-infected with Clostridium and Eimeria [119].…”

Section: Other Vitaminsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coccidiosis in Egg-Laying Hens and Potential Nutritional Strategies to Modulate Performance, Gut Health, and Immune Response

Sharma,

Kim

2024

Animals

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Avian coccidiosis, despite advancements in management, nutrition, genetics, and immunology, still remains the most impactful disease, imposing substantial economic losses to the poultry industry. Coccidiosis may strike any avian species, and it may be mild to severe, depending on the pathogenicity of Eimeria spp. and the number of oocysts ingested by the bird. Unlike broilers, low emphasis has been given to laying hens. Coccidiosis in laying hens damages the gastrointestinal tract and causes physiological changes, including oxidative stress, immunosuppression, and inflammatory changes, leading to reduced feed intake and a drastic drop in egg production. Several countries around the world have large numbers of hens raised in cage-free/free-range facilities, and coccidiosis has already become one of the many problems that producers have to face in the future. However, limited research has been conducted on egg-laying hens, and our understanding of the physiological changes following coccidiosis in hens relies heavily on studies conducted on broilers. The aim of this review is to summarize the effect of coccidiosis in laying hens to an extent and correlate it with the physiological changes that occur in broilers following coccidiosis. Additionally, this review tries to explore the nutritional strategies successfully used in broilers to mitigate the negative effects of coccidiosis in improving the gut health and performance of broilers and if they can be used in laying hens.

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Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Vitamin A on Antioxidant and Intestinal Barrier Function of Broilers Co-Infected with Coccidia and Clostridium perfringens

Cited by 5 publications

References 34 publications

Effects of Vitamin A on Immune Responses and Vitamin A Metabolism in Broiler Chickens Challenged with Necrotic Enteritis

Effects of Vitamin A on Immune Responses and Vitamin A Metabolism in Broiler Chickens Challenged with Necrotic Enteritis

Effect of Tannic Acid on Antioxidant Function, Immunity, and Intestinal Barrier of Broilers Co-Infected with Coccidia and Clostridium perfringens

Coccidiosis in Egg-Laying Hens and Potential Nutritional Strategies to Modulate Performance, Gut Health, and Immune Response

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