Effects of dietary supplementation of an enzyme blend on the ileal and fecal digestibility of nutrients in growing pigs1

Abstract

The objective of this experiment was to determine the effect of a beta-glucanase-protease enzyme blend product (EBP) on fecal digestibility (FD), apparent ileal digestibility (AID), standardized ileal digestibility, and digestibility in the hindgut of growing pigs. Twelve ileal-cannulated, growing barrows (38.2 +/- 0.5 kg) were housed in individual metabolism crates, blocked by previous feed intake into 3 groups with 4 pigs each, and randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments within a square (group) of 3 replications of 4 x 4 Latin square design. Treatments were basal diet (Basal), Basal + 0.05% of EBP (0.05% EBP), Basal + 0.10% of EBP (0.10% EBP), and hydrolyzed casein for measurement of endogenous amino acids. The Basal diet consisted of corn and soybean meal and was calculated to have 3.36 Mcal of ME/kg and 1.1% of total lysine, as-fed basis. Feed intake of each replicate of the Latin square during the first period was 85% of the minimum feed intake of the 4 pigs during the preliminary period and was equalized within each square. The feeding level was increased by 100 g/d in each subsequent period. Each of the experimental periods was 14 d, including 4 d of dietary adaptation, 5 d of fecal collection, 3 d of transition period, and 2 d of ileal collection. Ileal effluents were collected continuously for the same 12-h interval each day. Pigs fed the EBP demonstrated increased (P < 0.05) FD of DM, OM, energy, CP, nonfiber carbohydrate, total dietary fiber, insoluble dietary fiber, acid-hydrolyzed fat, ash, Ca, and P compared with pigs fed Basal. The AID of NDF and hemicellulose was increased (P < 0.05) by supplying the EBP either at 0.05 or 0.10% in the diets, but AID of DM and energy was not increased. The AID of acid-hydrolyzed fat tended to be greater (P = 0.051) for the pigs fed the EBP than for those fed Basal. Ileal digestibility of most amino acids was not affected by treatment, but the EBP reduced the apparent and standardized digestibility of methionine, alanine, and serine (P < 0.05). The difference between FD and AID of hemicellulose was lower (P < 0.05) for the pigs fed the EBP than for those fed Basal. These results demonstrated that the EBP fed to growing pigs improved the FD of DM, OM, energy, CP, nonfiber carbohydrate, total dietary fiber, acid-hydrolyzed fat, Ca, and P, and the AID of NDF and hemi-cellulose, but the standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids was not improved by supplying the EBP in corn-soybean meal-based diets of growing pigs.

Effects of mannan level and β-mannanase supplementation on growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility and blood metabolites of growing pigs

“…High levels of NSP in pig diets can cause an increase in digesta viscosity, preventing interaction between substrate and digestive enzymes and, hence, reducing the nutrient digestibility (O'Connell et al, 2005;Passos et al, 2015). Previous studies demonstrated that supplementation of exogenous enzymes to high-NSP diets reduced the viscosity of digesta and enhanced the nutrient utilization (Parkkonen et al, 1997;Grandhi, 2001;Ji et al, 2008;Tapingkae et al, 2008). In the present study, pigs fed diets supplemented with β-mannanase had greater digestibility of β-mannan, which might reduce digesta viscosity and improve nutrient utilization.…”

“…The positive effects of exogenous enzymes are quite variable and seem to depend on physiological status of the pigs and the content of NSP (Ji et al, 2008;Li et al, 2010;Adeola and Cowieson, 2011). Therefore, exogenous enzymes should be selected on the basis of type and amount of the NSP in the pig diets.…”

“…The beneficial effects of the exogenous enzymes depend upon the type of the substrate, physiological status of pigs and the amount of the NSP content in the diet (Ji et al, 2008;Li et al, 2010;Adeola and Cowieson, 2011). Therefore, identification of type and amount of NSP content in pig diets is essential for selection on the exogenous enzyme and dose of dietary supplementation.…”

Effect of protease on growth performance and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing pigs

“…In the results of in vitro tests, the addition of enzyme complexes (xylanase, protease and phytase) tended to increase the ileal digestibility of dry matter, even though it depended on test ingredients (Kong et al, 2015). Other studies also showed that enzyme mixtures including protease had a positive impact on nutrient digestibility, bacterial populations in the large intestine, and growth performance of weaned pigs (Yi et al, 2013), faecal nutrient digestibility of growing pigs (Ji et al, 2008), and the performance of growing pigs without improving apparent total tract digestibility (Jo et al, 2012). Recently, standalone proteases of swine diets have been used via several commercially available products (Guggenbuhl et al, 2012;Mc Alpine et al, 2012a, 2012bZuo et al, 2015).…”

“…Protease, a dietary enzyme, has been used generally in swine diets for many years as part of enzyme cocktails (Zuo et al, 2015). Most studies on protease supplementation in swine diet have shown positive effects on nutrient digestibility and growth performance (Ji et al, 2008;Jo et al, 2012;Omogbenigun et al, 2004;Yin et al, 2004Yin et al, , 2001Zuo et al, 2015). Recently, standalone proteases have been available commercially and have shown beneficial effects on nutrient digestiblity and growth performance of pigs (Adeola & Cowieson, 2011;Guggenbuhl et al, 2012;Mc Alpine et al, 2012a;O'Doherty & Forde, 1999;Zuo et al, 2015).…”