Effects of dietary supplementation of glutamine and mannan oligosaccharides on plasma endotoxin and acute phase protein concentrations and nutrient digestibility in finishing steers

Jin, Lu; Dong, Guozhong; Lei, Chunlong; Zhou, Jun; Zhang, Sen

doi:10.1080/09712119.2013.823863

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…These findings are consistent with various other reports which found that MOS could increase the digestibility and retention rate of There are fewer studies in ruminants, and the results are less conclusive. For example, MOS did not affect apparent nutrient digestibility in steers (Jin et al, 2014), and yeast culture did not alter apparent nutrient digestibility in dairy heifers (Lascano and Heinrichs, 2009), dairy cows (Moallem et al, 2009), steers (Hinman et al, 1998), or lambs (Adams et al, 1981. In addition, Holstein cows given diet containing 56 g•d −1 of yeast culture showed only a small numerical increase in NDF digestibility (White et al, 2008).…”

Section: Nutrient Apparent Digestibility and Retention Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of adding mannan oligosaccharides on digestibility and metabolism of nutrients, ruminal fermentation parameters, immunity, and antioxidant capacity of sheep1

Zheng

Zhang

et al. 2018

Journal of Animal Science

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of adding mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS) on the following parameters in sheep: digestibility and retention rate of nutrients, ruminal fermentation, immunity, and antioxidant capacity. Twelve healthy crossbred wethers (Suffolk ♂ × Small tail Han-yang ♀) with external ruminal fistula and similar body weights (28.04 ± 2.07 kg) were fed individually four treatments, three repeats of each treatment. The wethers diets were supplemental MOS at 0%, 1.2%, 1.6%, and 2.0%·kg-1 of basal diet (as fed basis). The experiment lasted 17 d, including 10 d of acclimation and 7 d of formal experimentation. The results showed that MOS did not influence the apparent digestibility and retention rate of nutrients, ruminal fermentation, and immunity or concentration of serum nitric oxide and activity of serum nitric oxide synthase (P ≥ 0.07). However, the apparent digestibility of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber at MOS supplementation rates of 1.6% and 2.0% both tended to be greater than the control group (P ≤ 0.103). There was also moderate evidence that MOS might increase the nitrogen retention rate (P = 0.082). MOS increased the antioxidant ability of sheep (P ≤ 0.018), especially at a dose of 1.6%: an increase in activity of total superoxide dismutase (P = 0.007), glutathione peroxidase (P = 0.018) and total antioxidant capacity (P < 0.001), and a decrease in concentration of malondialdehyde (P < 0.001) were found. The results indicated that in sheep MOS improved fiber digestion, N retention and some antioxidant abilities, but these effects may be too small to improve health and performance.

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Section: Nutrient Apparent Digestibility and Retention Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of adding mannan oligosaccharides on digestibility and metabolism of nutrients, ruminal fermentation parameters, immunity, and antioxidant capacity of sheep1

Zheng

Zhang

et al. 2018

Journal of Animal Science

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“…Supplementation of 12 Lactobacillus strains decreased colonization of three strains of E. coli in the GIT and up to five strains of Salmonella enterica spp. This is potentially due to the capacity of Lactobacillus species to adhere strongly to the small intestinal mucosa and epithelium and produce substances to decrease pathogenic growth (Jin et al, 2014). Other potential mechanisms of action include maintenance of host microbial communities and reducing inflammation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Various Nutraceutical Milk Replacer Supplements on the Health and Performance of High-Risk Holstein Calves

Davis

Liang²,

Batchelder³

et al. 2022

Front. Anim. Sci.

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The objectives of this study were to determine the impacts of supplementing various nutraceuticals in milk replacers, including a blend of probiotics, β-glucan extract, mannanoligosaccharide extract, or a non-immunoglobulin rich extract, from colostrum on the performance and health of high-risk calves and to determine carry-over effects into the immediate post-weaned period. One hundred bull calves were acquired from a local calf ranch within 24 h of birth and randomly assigned to one of five dietary treatments added to milk replacer only: (1) Control (CON), no additive; (2) Immu-PRIME (ImmPr), 1.5 g/d ImmPr first 3 d only (Sterling Technology, Brookings, SD, USA); (3) Beta glucan (BG), 1 g/d BG extract (ImmuOligo, Irvine, CA, USA); (4) Mannanoligosaccharide + Bacillus subtilis (MOS+Bs), 3 g/d CEREVIDA EXCELL-M + 4 x 109 CFU/d Bacillus subtilis (MB Nutritional Sciences, Lubbock, TX, USA); and (5) PROVIDA CALF (PRO), proprietary blend of 2 x 109 CFU/d of a Lactobacillus casei and an Enterococcus faecium + 2 x 109 CFU/d Saccharomyces cerevisiae (MB Nutritional Sciences, Lubbock, TX, USA). Calves were weaned at d 56, comingled, and treatment carry-over effects evaluated through d 84. Starter intake was measured daily and BW weekly. Peripheral blood samples were collected and analyzed for hematology and serum was analyzed for haptoglobin concentrations. Polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) function was assessed through surface L-selectin expression, phagocytic, and oxidative burst activities against Escherichia coli. Data were analyzed using Proc Mixed in SAS (SAS 9.4, Cary, NC). The BG calves consumed the most starter from d 1 to 28 and pre-weaned average daily gain was greater for both the PRO and BG when compared to the CON group. There was a tendency for BG, MOS+Bs, and PRO to have reduced serum haptoglobin throughout the study. Total leukocyte, neutrophil, and lymphocyte counts were reduced among MOS+Bs calves, whereas BG calves tended to have the greatest neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio. Oxidative burst function for PMNL was reduced among BG and PRO treatments, suggesting a decreased need for neutrophil function. Supplementing BG, MOS+Bs, and PRO all influenced the performance and health of high-risk calves, but mechanistically appear to be different.

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“…Several studies have also shown that Gln has anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects in lactating cows. For example, as reported for finishing steers [ 136 ], the intravenous infusions of 106 and 212 g Gln/day increased the concentrations of LPS-binding protein in the plasma of lactating cows [ 70 ]. Cows infused with 106 g Gln/day had greater concentrations of the serum amyloid A (an acute phase protein) in plasma on days 14 (+108%) and 21 (+106%) postpartum, compared with controls.…”

Section: Glu and Gln Nutrition In Ruminantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At present, the National Research Council (NRC) has not established dietary requirements for preruminants or ruminants (e.g., calves, beef cattle, dairy cows, lambs, and ewes) for Glu or Gln [ 75 , 121 ]. However, there is evidence that preruminants, as well as adult sheep, goats, dairy cows, and cattle, require dietary Glu ( Table 5 ) and Gln ( Table 6 ) supplementation for maximal growth and production performance, as well as for optimal (particularly intestinal) health and function, as detailed in the following sections [ 122 , 123 , 124 , 125 , 126 , 127 , 128 , 129 , 130 , 131 , 132 , 133 , 134 , 135 , 136 , 137 , 138 , 139 , 140 , 141 , 142 , 143 , 144 , 145 , 146 , 147 , 148 , 149 , 150 , 151 , 152 , 153 , 154 , 155 , 156 , 157 , 158 , 159 , 160 , 161 , 162 , 163 , 164 , 165 , 166 ]. This represents a paradigm shift in ruminant nutrition.…”

Section: Glu and Gln Nutrition In Ruminantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the efficient removal of free LPS from the circulation is essential to the health of feedlot cattle. In this regard, it is noteworthy that dietary supplementation with 1% Gln to grain-fed growing steers for 25 days increased the concentrations of LPS-binding protein in plasma by 200%, compared with the control group [ 136 ]. The underlying mechanisms are unknown, but the Gln-derived Glu may stimulate the synthesis of LPS-binding protein by enterocytes and the liver.…”

Section: Glu and Gln Nutrition In Ruminantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metabolism and Nutrition of L-Glutamate and L-Glutamine in Ruminants

Wu,

Bazer,

Johnson

et al. 2024

Animals

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Although both L-glutamate (Glu) and L-glutamine (Gln) have long been considered nutritionally nonessential in ruminants, these two amino acids have enormous nutritional and physiological importance. Results of recent studies revealed that extracellular Gln is extensively degraded by ruminal microbes, but extracellular Glu undergoes little catabolism by these cells due to the near absence of its uptake. Ruminal bacteria hydrolyze Gln to Glu plus ammonia and, intracellularly, use both amino acids for protein synthesis. Microbial proteins and dietary Glu enter the small intestine in ruminants. Both Glu and Gln are the major metabolic fuels and building blocks of proteins, as well as substrates for the syntheses of glutathione and amino acids (alanine, ornithine, citrulline, arginine, proline, and aspartate) in the intestinal mucosa. In addition, Gln and aspartate are essential for purine and pyrimidine syntheses, whereas arginine and proline are necessary for the production of nitric oxide (a major vasodilator) and collagen (the most abundant protein in the body), respectively. Under normal feeding conditions, all diet- and rumen-derived Glu and Gln are extensively utilized by the small intestine and do not enter the portal circulation. Thus, de novo synthesis (e.g., from branched-chain amino acids and α-ketoglutarate) plays a crucial role in the homeostasis of Glu and Gln in the whole body but may be insufficient for maximal growth performance, production (e.g., lactation and pregnancy), and optimal health (particularly intestinal health) in ruminants. This applies to all types of feeding systems used around the world (e.g., rearing on a milk replacer before weaning, pasture-based production, and total mixed rations). Dietary supplementation with the appropriate doses of Glu or Gln [e.g., 0.5 or 1 g/kg body weight (BW)/day, respectively] can safely improve the digestive, endocrine, and reproduction functions of ruminants to enhance their productivity. Both Glu and Gln are truly functional amino acids in the nutrition of ruminants and hold great promise for improving their health and productivity.

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Effects of dietary supplementation of glutamine and mannan oligosaccharides on plasma endotoxin and acute phase protein concentrations and nutrient digestibility in finishing steers

Cited by 8 publications

References 24 publications

Effects of adding mannan oligosaccharides on digestibility and metabolism of nutrients, ruminal fermentation parameters, immunity, and antioxidant capacity of sheep1

Effects of adding mannan oligosaccharides on digestibility and metabolism of nutrients, ruminal fermentation parameters, immunity, and antioxidant capacity of sheep1

Impacts of Various Nutraceutical Milk Replacer Supplements on the Health and Performance of High-Risk Holstein Calves

Metabolism and Nutrition of L-Glutamate and L-Glutamine in Ruminants

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