Effects of dietary sports supplements on metabolite accumulation, vasodilation and cellular swelling in relation to muscle hypertrophy: A focus on “secondary” physiological determinants

Cholewa, Jason M.; Trexler, Eric T.; Lima-Soares, Fernanda; Pessôa, Kassiana de Araujo; Sousa-Silva, Rayssa; Santos, Azenildo Moura; Xia, Zhi; Nicastro, Humberto; Cabido, Christian Emmanuel Torres; Freitas, Marcelo Conrado de; Rossi, Fabrí­cio Eduardo; Zanchi, Nelo Eidy

doi:10.1016/j.nut.2018.10.011

Cited by 12 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 122 publications

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“…Methionine is an essential amino acid for protein synthesis and its deficiency has a dramatic effect on whole-body protein turnover [ 11 ]. However, betaine can also indirectly affect muscle mass due to its organic osmolyte propriety, which creates an advantageous environment for the excitation contraction coupling and protein synthesis [ 32 ]. The first study conducted in humans was performed by Schwab et al in 2002 [ 25 ] and failed to observe any alteration on body composition after 12 weeks of betaine supplementation in a group of sedentary obese adults.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Betaine Supplementation Does not Improve Muscle Hypertrophy or Strength Following 6 Weeks of Cross-Fit Training

et al. 2020

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We aim to investigate the effect of 6 weeks of betaine supplementation on body composition and muscle performance during CrossFit© training. Twenty-nine subjects matched for training status (4.16 ± 0.95 day/week) and body fat mass (12.66 ± 4.08%) were randomly assigned to a betaine (BET; N = 14) or placebo group (PLA; N = 15). Body composition and cellular hydration were estimated with skinfolds measurement and bioelectrical impendence before and after 6 weeks of training. Muscle performance was assessed using three different tests: 3-RM back-squat for muscle strength, 2 km rowing test for aerobic capacity and Bergeron Beep Test for anaerobic capacity. Muscle strength assessed during back squat significantly increased in BET (p = 0.04) but not in the PLA group, however, there were no statistical differences between groups. Although not significant, fat mass was reduced in BET compared to PLA. Overall, body composition and cell hydration measurements did not change in response to training or betaine supplementation. Short-term (6 weeks) betaine supplementation supports muscle strength but was not ergogenic for trained subjects to aerobic and anaerobic performance in the CrossFit©-specific test.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Betaine Supplementation Does not Improve Muscle Hypertrophy or Strength Following 6 Weeks of Cross-Fit Training

et al. 2020

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“…First, since greater resistance training volumes are highly associated with muscular hypertrophy outcomes [37], we hypothesized that subjects in the β-alanine group could sustain more prolonged high-intensity muscular contractions by increasing muscle buffering capacity and calcium sensitivity in muscle fibers. These adaptations could result in the generation of increased total training volume, thereby possibly resulting in greater metabolic stress (via lactate accumulation) and cellular swelling, which may indirectly [16] or directly promote increased muscle hypertrophy [38] or muscle regeneration [39]. Our results do not support this hypothesis, as there were no differences in volume accomplished or lactate concentrations during the acute concurrent training test between groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…With an increasing energy output capacity, resistance trainers may perform more volume and a larger amount of muscle metabolites may be produced, thereby promoting cellular swelling and potentiating hypertrophy [16]. β-alanine supplementation has been shown to increase muscle performance during resistance training, and such increases have occurred together with increases in lean mass [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-Time β-Alanine Supplementation on the Acute Strength Performance after High-Intensity Intermittent Exercise in Recreationally Trained Men

Freitas

Cholewa

Panissa

et al. 2019

Sports

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(1) Background: We investigated the effects of 28 days of beta-alanine (β-alanine) supplementation on the acute interference effect of high-intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE) on lower-body resistance exercise performance, body composition, and strength when combined with a resistance training program. (2) Methods: Twenty-two males were randomized into: β-alanine supplementation (6.4 g/day) or placebo (6.4 g/day maltodextrin) during 28 days. Total body water, intracellular and extracellular water, fat-free mass (FFM), and fat mass were assessed using bioelectrical impedance. Participants performed 5000-m HIIE (1:1 effort and rest ratio) followed by resistance exercise (four sets of 80% at 45° leg press until muscular failure) at baseline and after 28 days. The resistance training program consisted of three sets of 10 to 12 RM with 90 s of rest, four days per week. (3) Results: For the post-HIIE leg press volume, higher values were observed post-training than pre-training, but no group x time interaction was observed. There was a non-significant trend for an interaction in the FFM change (β-alanine = 2.8% versus placebo = 1.0%, p = 0.072). (4) Conclusion: Twenty-eight days of β-alanine supplementation did not prevent acute strength loss during resistance exercise after high-intensity interval exercise, nor increase strength or hypertrophic adaptations associated with resistance training.

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“…Remarkably, when nitrate is consumed along with polyphenols (e.g., when beetroot juice is consumed), the effects on exercise performance are enhanced. It has been proposed that polyphenols may protect nitrate (as well as the derived NO) from the damage induced by reactive oxygen species, thus enhancing its bioavailability [37]. This fact would explain the greater effects observed in exercise performance when consuming beetroot juice, compared to that achieved by the consumption of an equivalent dose of sodium nitrate (NaNO 3 ).…”

Section: Nitrate As An Ergogenic Aid To Improve Exercise Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Current Knowledge on Beetroot Bioactive Compounds: Role of Nitrate and Betalains in Health and Disease

Milton-Laskíbar

Martínéz

Baquedano

2021

Foods

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An increase in the prevalence of noncommunicable chronic diseases has been occurring in recent decades. Among the deaths resulting from these conditions, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) stand out as the main contributors. In this regard, dietary patterns featuring a high content of vegetables and fruits, such as the Mediterranean and the DASH diets, are considered beneficial, and thus have been extensively studied. This has resulted in growing interest in vegetable-derived ingredients and food-supplements that may have potential therapeutic properties. Among these supplements, beetroot juice, which is obtained from the root vegetable Beta vulgaris, has gained much attention. Although a significant part of the interest in beetroot juice is due to its nitrate (NO3−) content, which has demonstrated bioactivity in the cardiovascular system, other ingredients with potential beneficial properties such as polyphenols, pigments and organic acids are also present. In this context, the aim of this review article is to analyze the current knowledge regarding the benefits related to the consumption of beetroot and derived food-supplements. Therefore, this article focuses on nitrate and betalains, which are considered to be the major bioactive compounds present in beetroot, and thus in the derived dietary supplements.

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Effects of dietary sports supplements on metabolite accumulation, vasodilation and cellular swelling in relation to muscle hypertrophy: A focus on “secondary” physiological determinants

Cited by 12 publications

References 122 publications

Betaine Supplementation Does not Improve Muscle Hypertrophy or Strength Following 6 Weeks of Cross-Fit Training

Betaine Supplementation Does not Improve Muscle Hypertrophy or Strength Following 6 Weeks of Cross-Fit Training

Short-Time β-Alanine Supplementation on the Acute Strength Performance after High-Intensity Intermittent Exercise in Recreationally Trained Men

Current Knowledge on Beetroot Bioactive Compounds: Role of Nitrate and Betalains in Health and Disease

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