Effects of Dietary Restriction on Cancer Development and Progression

Abstract

The effects of caloric restriction on tumor growth and progression are known for over a century. Indeed, fasting has been practiced for millennia, but just recently has emerged the protective role that it may exert toward cells. Fasting cycles are able to reprogram the cellular metabolism, by inducing protection against oxidative stress and prolonging cellular longevity. The reduction of calorie intake as well as short-or long-term fasting has been shown to protect against chronic and degenerative diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular pathologies, and cancer. In vitro and in vivo preclinical models showed that different restriction dietary regimens may be effective against cancer onset and progression, by enhancing therapy response and reducing its toxic side effects. Fasting-mediated beneficial effects seem to be due to the reduction of inflammatory response and downregulation of nutrient-related signaling pathways able to modulate cell proliferation and apoptosis. In this chapter, we will discuss the most significant studies present in literature regarding the molecular mechanisms by which dietary restriction may contribute to prevent cancer onset, reduce its progression, and positively affect the response to the treatments.

Effect of Diet and Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Lymphoproliferative Disorders

“…Fasting cycles and reduced calorie intake (CR) are able to rewire cellular metabolism, protecting it from oxidative damage and extending cellular longevity. Various dietary restriction regimens can be useful in preventing the onset and spread of cancer, enhancing therapeutic response, and minimizing its harmful side effects [ 19 ]. The beneficial effects mediated by fasting and CR appear to be due to a reduction in oxidative stress, glucose levels, insulin resistance, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and growth hormone (GH) levels that occur in normal cells [ 20 ].…”