Effects of Dietary Protein Concentration on Lipid Metabolism Gene Expression and Fatty Acid Composition in 18–23-Month-Old Hanwoo Steers

Abstract

The present study evaluated the influence of dietary protein level on growth performance, fatty acid composition, and the expression of lipid metabolic genes in intramuscular adipose tissues from 18- to 23-month-old Hanwoo steers, representing the switching point of the lean-to-fat ratio. Forty steers with an initial live weight of 486 ± 37 kg were assigned to one of two treatment groups fed either a concentrate diet with 14.5% CP and or with 17% CP for 6 months. Biopsy samples of intramuscular tissue were collected to analyze the fatty acid composition and gene expression at 23 months of age. Throughout the entire experimental period, all steers were restrained twice daily to allow individual feeding. Growth performance, blood metabolites, and carcass traits, according to ultrasonic measurements, were not affected by the experimental diets. The high-protein diet significantly increased the expression of intramuscular PPARα (p < 0.1) and LPL (p < 0.05) but did not affect genes involved in fatty acid uptake (CD36 and FABP4) nor lipogenesis (ACACA, FASN, and SCD). In addition, it downregulated intramuscular VLCAD (p < 0.01) related to lipogenesis but also GPAT1 (p = 0.001), DGAT2 (p = 0.016), and SNAP23 (p = 0.057), which are involved in fatty acid esterification and adipocyte size. Hanwoo steers fed a high-protein diet at 18–23 months of age resulted in a relatively lower lipid turnover rate than steers fed a low-protein diet, which could be responsible for shortening the feeding period.

Low lysine stimulates adipogenesis through ZFP423 upregulation in bovine stromal vascular cells

“…Specific feeding strategies have been developed in Korea to improve the quality of Hanwoo beef. Changes in the CP content of the diet have been the focus of several studies that aimed to promote intramuscular fat deposition but which yielded conflicting results [ 3 , 12 ,]. The effects of dietary protein and amino acid levels on the transcriptional expression of genes responsible for fatty acid biosynthesis during the fattening stage of Hanwoo beef cattle remain unclear.…”

“…One of the latest targets of nutrigenomic research is the correlation of nutritional factors with the alteration of its metabolism [2]. In Korea, the conventional feeding stipulates a restricted feeding of concentrates but a steady increase from 50 to 90% in the provided concentrate to forage ratio to amply allocate energy to promote deposition of fat during the 17-month of fattening phase [3]. Forages are usually supplied ad libitum during the growing stage (6-11 months) and are slowly decreased from 30% to 10% of total dry matter (DM) intake from the early (12-20 months) to late fattening (21-29 months) stages, respectively [4].…”

Metabolite Profile, Ruminal Methane Reduction, and Microbiome Modulating Potential of Seeds of Pharbitis nil

“…Crude protein (CP) was calculated as 6.25 × N. The gross energy content was determined using an automatic isoperibol calorimeter (6400EF, Parr Instrument Company, Moline, IL, United States). Concentrations of FAs in the feed and PA were analyzed using the direct methylation method of O’Fallon et al (2007) and an Agilent 7890B GC system (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, United States) with a flame ionization detector as described previously ( Bharanidharan et al, 2021b ). The FA content was expressed as mg/100 g DM.…”

A New Insight on Carcass and Meat Quality in Ruminants

“…The study performed by Bharanidharan, Thirugnanasambantham, Ibidhi, Bang, Jang, Baek, Kim, and Moon [ 8 ] focused on the influence of dietary protein level on growth performance, fatty acid composition, and the expression of lipid metabolic genes in intramuscular adipose tissues from 18- to 23-month-old Hanwoo steers, representing the switching point of the lean-to-fat ratio. It was observed that the high-protein diet significantly increased the expression of intramuscular PPARα and LPL while it did not affect to genes involved in fatty acid uptake, such as CD36 and FABP4, nor lipogenesis, such as ACACA , FASN , and SCD .…”

“…This Special Issue of Animals , entitled “Carcass and Meat Quality in Ruminants”, aims to compile the recent literature with a focus on carcass development, quality, and valorization in addition to meat quality. It includes ten original research articles about various types of meat from ruminant species (bovine [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ], ovine [ 12 , 13 , 14 ], and caprine [ 15 , 16 ]) as well as one review article about strategies to reduce E. Coli contamination [ 17 ]. These articles, while their aims are different, provide a deep insight on the current topics of carcass and meat science of ruminants.…”