Effects of Dietary Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum) Supplementation in Ducks Fed Mycotoxin-Contaminated Diets

Bencze-Nagy, Jennifer; Strifler, Patrik; Horváth, Boglárka; Such, Nikoletta; Farkas, Valéria; Dublecz, Károly; Pál, László

doi:10.3390/vetsci10020100

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…We found that serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly reduced by the addition of 1,600 mg/kg silybin to the ration, which indicates that silybin can improve the anti-inflammatory ability of the organism and achieve the effect of organismal defense. This is similar to previous studies, also confirming the anti-inflammatory properties of silybin ( 14 , 38 ). Silybin has excellent antioxidant ability, maintaining the REDOX balance of the body by scavenging free radicals, activating the body’s antioxidant system and preventing the formation of lipid peroxides ( 13 , 15 , 27 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Previous studies have found that silybin reduces the formation of free radicals in injured cells, which could also serve as an explanation for the hepatoprotective properties of silybin ( 13 ). Furthermore, silybin has a protective effect on the liver of ducks fed diets containing mycotoxin ( 14 ). Some scholars have found that silybin activates the body’s antioxidant system by increasing sulfhydryl concentration and reducing power ( 15 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of silybin supplementation on growth performance, serum indexes and liver transcriptome of Peking ducks

Zhang,

Shi,

et al. 2024

Front. Vet. Sci.

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As an emerging feed additive extracted from the traditional herb milk thistle, silybin has few applications and studies in Peking ducks. The aim of this study was to explore the practical significance of silymarin application in Peking ducks and to provide more theoretical support for the application of silymarin in livestock and poultry production. A total of 156 1-day-old healthy Peking ducks were randomly divided into four groups and supplemented with 0 mg/kg (control group), 400 mg/kg (S400), 800 mg/kg (S800) and 1,600 mg/kg (S1600) of silybin in the diets at day 14, to investigate the effects of silymarin on the growth, serum indexes and liver transcriptome of Peking ducks. The whole experiment lasted until day 42, and the sample collection was scheduled to take place in the morning. A substantial inprovement in average daily gain (ADG) and a decrease in feed conversion ratio (FCR) occurred in the S1600 group on days 14–28 compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The FCRs of other additive groups in the same period showed the same results. Supplementation of diets with silybin significantly increased serum IgA levels and when 1,600 mg/kg of silybin was given, levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were also significantly decreased (p < 0.05). In addition, we observed that the S1600 group had a significantly lower (p < 0.05) glutamine transaminase and an increased (p < 0.05) T-SOD level in the S400 group (p < 0.05). Liver transcriptome sequencing showed that 71 and 258 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the S400 and S1600 groups, respectively, compared with the control group. DEGs related to cell composition and function, antigen processing and presentation were up-regulated, while DEGs related to insulin resistance and JAK–STAT were down-regulated. Conclusively, silybin can be used as a feed additive to improve the growth performance and health status of Peking ducks.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of silybin supplementation on growth performance, serum indexes and liver transcriptome of Peking ducks

Zhang,

Shi,

et al. 2024

Front. Vet. Sci.

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“…Therefore, we developed an injection form of the drug based on extracts from the fruits of S. marianum. This allowed for a parenteral administration of silymarin in the animals, and also other biologically active compounds present in extract from the fruits of S. marianum, which have positive effects on the antioxidant and membrane-stabilizing functions, prevent hepatotoxic compounds from entering the liver cells, and enhance rates of hepatocyte regeneration (Bencze-Nagy et al, 2023;Shahin et al, 2023). At the same time, simultaneous administration silymarin with other therapeutic agents can increase its hepatoprotectory effect (Yu et al, 2018;Martyshuk et al, 2020;Santamarina et al, 2022;Nehmi-Filho et al, 2023).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides the hepaprotectory action, S. marianum also exerted antioxidant, antimicrobial, immunomodulating, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumour, cardiovascular-protective, neuroprotective, skin-protective, anti-diabetes, and other medicinal properties (Denev et al, 2020;Islam et al, 2021). However, it is primarily known as a strong hepaprotector, mainly because of its biologically active compound silymarin (Bencze-Nagy et al, 2023;Guerrini & Tedesco, 2023). In different countries around the globe, silymarin is used in traditional medicine to treat patients with various liver diseases (Wadhwa et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of animals with fatty liver disease using a drug based on the seeds of Silybum marianum

Vlizlo,

Prystupa,

Slivinska

et al. 2023

Regul. Mech. Biosyst.

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Medicinal plants are a source of various therapeutic preparations. Therefore, the aim of our work was to prepare a liposomal drug from extract from the seeds of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn., adding tocopherol acetate, lecithin, squalene, and Tween 80. The drug was used on the laboratory animals (rats) intramuscularly to measure the efficacy of treatment of experimentally modeled toxic fatty liver disease. The fatty infiltration of the liver in the rats was caused by tetrachloromethane (ССl4). The efficacy of the liposomal drug based on the extract from S. marianum seeds was studied on 25 animals in which the liver pathology had been caused by 50% oil solution of ССl4, administered in the dose of 5 mL per kg of body weight. The diseased rats were divided into five groups, each consisting five animals. Animals of the four experimental groups – first, second, third, and fourth - received the drug intramuscularly in the doses of 0.05, 0.25, 0.50, and 1.50 mL/kg of body weight three times every two days, respectively. At the same time, the control rats received three-time intramuscular injection of physiological solution in the dose of 0.5 mL/kg of body weight. Treatment of the animals with fatty liver disease by injections of the drug based on the extract from S. marianum seeds normalized the general condition, significantly improved the functions and structure of the liver. Biochemical studies of blood serum of the sick animals after the treatment revealed increase in albumin content, which may suggest reduction of the protein-synthesizing function of the liver. The normalization of the bile-forming and bile-excreting functions of the liver, and also elimination of cholestasis were evidenced by reduced contents of bile acids and total bilirubin and increased total cholesterol in the blood serum of the rats. After treating the animals with the created drug, we saw decrease in the activity of the liver-indicator enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, and glutamate dehydrogenase) in the blood serum, which is a sign of recovery of the structure of hepatocytes and elimination of cytolysis. Histological studies of the liver of the treated rats confirmed the positive effect of the liposomal drug on the organ’s structure. In the future studies, we plan to test this combination of agents in treatment of agricultural and domestic animals with liver pathologies.

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“…The use of medicinal plants for multiple purposes can result in higher economic returns. In addition to medicinal use, S. marianum can also be used for oil extraction, a raw material for protein powder, animal fodder, and honey, which making S.marianum highly versatile and enhancing economic value ( Bencze-Nagy et al, 2023 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, synthetic biology and comprehensive utilization of Silybum marianum

Zhang,

Liu,

Wang

et al. 2024

Front. Pharmacol.

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Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn, a herbaceous plant with a long history in traditional medicine for the treatment of hepatobiliary diseases, particularly in Europe, which has attracted attention for its remarkable therapeutic effect. This review systematically summarizes the research progress in the botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, comprehensive utilization and synthetic biology of S. marianum. Up to now, more than 20 types of flavonolignan components have been isolated from S. marianum. In addition, the rearch on fatty acids and triterpenoids is also constantly improving. Among them, silybin is the most active compound in flavonolignans components. Its pharmacological effects in vivo and in vitro include anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-tumour, hypoglycaemic, neuroprotective and immunoregulatory properties. The use of coniferyl alcohol and taxifolin as substrates to produce silybin and isosilybin under the action of enzyme catalysis is the commonly used biosynthetic pathway of silymarin, which provides support for a comprehensive analysis of the synthetic pathway of silymarin. In addition to medicinal use, the extracts of plants also have broad application prospects in the production of food, healthcare products, cosmetics and other aspects. In addition, the chemical composition, pharmacological mechanism and synthetic biology of S. marianum need to be further studied, which is very important for its clinical efficacy and resource development.

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Effects of Dietary Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum) Supplementation in Ducks Fed Mycotoxin-Contaminated Diets

Cited by 5 publications

References 41 publications

Effects of silybin supplementation on growth performance, serum indexes and liver transcriptome of Peking ducks

Effects of silybin supplementation on growth performance, serum indexes and liver transcriptome of Peking ducks

Treatment of animals with fatty liver disease using a drug based on the seeds of Silybum marianum

A review of the botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, synthetic biology and comprehensive utilization of Silybum marianum

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