Effects of dietary glycaemic index on adiposity, glucose homoeostasis, and plasma lipids in animals

Pawlak, Dorota B; Kushner, Jake A.; Ludwig, David S.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(04)16937-7

Cited by 280 publications

(254 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…One short-term study detected a non-significant trend toward a relative increase in nitrogen accretion in individuals consuming a LG diet compared to a HG diet [15], a finding consistent with a study in animals indicating relatively greater fat mass and lesser FFM after consumption of a HG diet compared [27] to a LG diet. However, another human study did not observe a significant difference in percent fat loss between individuals consuming HG and LG diets, [16] and thus further studies in this area are needed.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Long - Term Effects of Energy-Restricted Diets Differing in Glycemic Load on Metabolic Adaptation and Body Composition*

Das¹,

Gilhooly²,

Golden³

et al. 2008

TONUTRJ

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A randomized controlled trial of high glycemic load (HG) and low glycemic load (LG) diets with food provided for 6 months and self-administered for 6 additional months at 30% caloric restriction (CR) was performed in 29 overweight adults (mean±SD, age 35±5y; BMI 27.5±1.5 kg/ m 2 ). Total energy expenditure (TEE), resting metabolic rate (RMR), fat and fat free mass (FFM), were measured at 3, 6 and 12 months. Changes in TEE, but not changes in RMR, were greater than accounted for by the loss of FFM and fat mass (P=0.001-0.013) suggesting an adaptive response to long-term CR. There was no significant effect of diet group on change in RMR or TEE. However, in subjects who lost >5% body weight (n=26), the LG diet group had a higher percentage of weight loss as fat than the HG group (p<0.05), a finding that may have implications for dietary recommendations during weight reduction.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Long - Term Effects of Energy-Restricted Diets Differing in Glycemic Load on Metabolic Adaptation and Body Composition*

Das¹,

Gilhooly²,

Golden³

et al. 2008

TONUTRJ

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show abstract

“…of a high-GI diet led to decreased hepatic fat oxidation and then increased food consumption resulting in an increase in body weight and fat (17,18). Obesity has a strong correlation with the metabolic syndrome consisted of hypertension, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes.…”

Section: Articlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This prolonged hyperinsulinemia would have the effect of directing nutrients from oxidation to storage (6). In fact, some studies demonstrated that hyperinsulinemia due to ingestion Articles Visuthranukul et alof a high-GI diet led to decreased hepatic fat oxidation and then increased food consumption resulting in an increase in body weight and fat (17,18). Obesity has a strong correlation with the metabolic syndrome consisted of hypertension, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-glycemic index diet may improve insulin sensitivity in obese children

et al. 2015

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ArticlesClinical Investigation nature publishing group BACKGROUND: A low-glycemic index (GI) diet may be beneficial for weight management due to its effect on insulin metabolism and satiety. METHODS: Obese children aged 9-16 y were randomly assigned either a low-GI diet or a low-fat diet (control group) for 6 mo. Body composition changes were measured by dualenergy X-ray absorptiometry and bioelectrical impedance analysis. Insulin sensitivity was measured by fasting plasma glucose and insulin. RESULTS: Fifty-two participants completed the study (mean age: 12.0 ± 2.0 y, 35 boys); both groups showed significantly decreased BMI z-score but similar changes in fat and fat-free mass. The low-GI group demonstrated a significant decline in fasting plasma insulin (22.2 ± 14.3 to 13.7 ± 10.9 mU/l; P = 0.004) and homeostatic model of assessment-insulin resistance (4.8 ± 3.3 to 2.9 ± 2.3; P = 0.007), whereas the control group did not. However, general linear model showed no significant difference in insulin resistance between groups after adjusting for baseline levels, suggesting that the greater reduction in insulin resistance in the low-GI group may be explained by higher baseline values. CONCLUSION: Despite subtle effects on body composition, a low-GI diet may improve insulin sensitivity in obese children with high baseline insulin. A bigger study in obese children with insulin resistance could be worthwhile to confirm our findings.C urrently, the prevalence of childhood obesity has been increasing worldwide (1). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported that about 17% of children and adolescents in the United States aged 2-19 y were obese (2). Furthermore, the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome has been rapidly rising in obese children, and with it, the risk of cardiovascular disease (3). About 60% of overweight children have at least one cardiovascular disease risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance. In addition, more than 25% of them have more than one type of cardiovascular disease risk factors (1). The common complications of childhood obesity are the metabolic syndrome (hypertension, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes), obstructive sleep apnea, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, polycystic ovary syndrome, orthopedic complications, and premature atherosclerosis (4).At present, we are unable to describe the exact etiology of obesity, but one of the most common causes is an imbalance between energy intake and physical activity. Treatment of obesity is difficult and can be done by several approaches, including dietary control (such as low-fat, low-energy diet), physical activity program, behavioral modification (such as generating weight reduction goal, self-monitoring, as well as positive reinforcement by parents), and medical treatment. There are many pediatric patients seeking hospital-based obesity treatment. Most of them have one or more of the complications of obesity mentioned above as well as a loss of their self-esteem and social lives. In general, ...

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“…Twelve nondiabetic female rats were food restricted the evening before the experiment and between 10:00 and 11:00 AM, underwent oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) with a 2 g/kg body weight 50% glucose feeding by gavage as described previously in detail [17]. Three hours before OGTT rats were intraperitoneally administered vehicle (saline; n=4) or anti-MBG antibody (n=4), at a concentration which blocks 75% of circulating MBG, as described previously in detail.…”

Section: Oral Glucose Tolerance Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endogenous sodium pump inhibitors, diabetes mellitus and preeclampsia

et al. 2007

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Endogenous inhibitors of the Na/K-ATPase (NKA) and diabetes mellitus (DM) are both risk factors for preeclampsia and NaCl sensitive hypertension. Our goal was to test the hypothesis that NaCl supplementation, induces preeclampsia-like symptoms in pregnant rats with DM via stimulation of marinobufagenin (MBG), a natriuretic and vasoconstrictor inhibitor of the NKA. Type 2 DM in female Sprague-Dawley rats was induced by administration of 65 mg/kg streptozotocin at day 4 post partum. In intact rats, pregnancy was associated with a 2-fold increase in MBG levels and a mild impairment in glucose tolerance. Pregnant rats with DM exhibited fetal macrosomia, greater impairment of glucose tolerance, and higher levels of MBG as compared to that in normal pregnant rats. As compared to intact pregnant rats, NaCl supplementation of diabetic pregnant rats (drinking 1.8% NaCl during days 12-19 of pregnancy) was associated with an increase in systolic blood pressure, decreased fetal and placental weight, five-fold elevation of MBG excretion, and 42% inhibition of NKA in erythrocytes. In nonpregnant rats, in vivo pretreatment with anti-MBG antibody produced an exaggerated response of plasma levels of glucose and insulin in oral glucose tolerance test. These results suggest that MBG is a common factor in the pathogenesis of DM and preeclampsia, and that regulation of glucose tolerance may be one of the physiological functions of endogenous cardiotonic steroids.

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Effects of dietary glycaemic index on adiposity, glucose homoeostasis, and plasma lipids in animals

Cited by 280 publications

References 29 publications

Long - Term Effects of Energy-Restricted Diets Differing in Glycemic Load on Metabolic Adaptation and Body Composition*

Long - Term Effects of Energy-Restricted Diets Differing in Glycemic Load on Metabolic Adaptation and Body Composition*

Low-glycemic index diet may improve insulin sensitivity in obese children

Endogenous sodium pump inhibitors, diabetes mellitus and preeclampsia

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