Effects of dietary fish oil on NF_κB gene expression and related signaling in spleen of chickens stimulated with lipopolysaccharide

Abstract

The study was conducted to investigate the effects of fish oil and maize oil on nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) gene expression and the downstream pathways of intracellular signaling in spleen of chickens after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Two hundred eighty eight chickens were assigned in a 2×2 factorial design. Factors were dietary fat type (4.5% maize oil or 4.5% fish oil) and immunological stimulation (LPS or saline). LPS increased levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (AA) of spleen in chickens after the second LPS stimulation on 28 d of age. Fish oil alleviated the increase of EPA and DHA in spleen of chickens after LPS stimulation at 27 d of age. Fish oil supplementation decreased prostaglandin 2 (PGE 2 ) production and the activity of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX 2 ) after LPS stimulation. LPS stimulation increased the activity of phospholipase C (PLC) in spleen of chickens. And fish oil inhibited activity of PLC in spleen of chickens stimulated by LPS. Meanwhile fish oil decreased the production of Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences, 20, 2011, 206-223 207 YANG X. ET AL.inositol triphosphate (IP 3 ) in spleen of chickens stimulated by LPS. Fish oil alleviated the mRNA abundance elevation of nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) after LPS stimulation. These results showed that fish oil down-regulated the production of IP 3 and PGE 2 through inhibiting the activity of PLC and COX 2 in spleen of chickens, respectively. The results of NFκB gene expression suggested fish oil might alleviate immune stress at the level of transcription.

The relationship between dietary fat sources and immune response in poultry and pigs: An updated review

“…Nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) gene expression and the downstream pathways of intracellular signalling in spleen following LPS challenge Alleviated immune stress, i.e., reduced PGE 2 production, activity of cyclooxygenase 2, and activity of phospholipase C in the spleen; alleviated mRNA abundance elevation of NFκB following LPS stimulation in birds fed diets with fish oil Yang et al (2011) Fish oil (0%, 1.5%, 3%, or 6% in the diet) Broiler chickens…”

“…To compare the effect of dietary sources of n-6 and n-3 PUFAs on nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) gene expression and downstream pathways of intracellular signalling in spleens of chickens following LPS stimulation, Yang et al (2011) supplemented the diet with maize or fish oil. They found that dietary fish oil reduced PGE2 production, cyclooxygenase 2 activity, and phospholipase C activity in spleens, as well as alleviated the mRNA abundance elevation of NFκB following LPS stimulation.…”

Mechanistic study of signalling pathways in intestinal B lymphocytes using eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid in broiler chickens

“…The B-lymphocytes were collected after a 72-h culture period. The IP 3 content of the cell culture medium was detected using an ELISA kit according to manufacturer's instructions (Yang et al, 2011).…”

“…Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) are the principal n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in fish oil. These eicosanoids have a wide range of biological activities, including effects on cell proliferation and differentiation, as well as the immune system (Calder, 2008;Wang et al, 2011;Yaqoob, 2003;Yang et al, 2011). Hwang (2000) suggested that n-3 PUFA altered eicosanoid metabolism, phosphatidylinositol signalling pathway of lymphocytes, or both.…”

“…Phospholipase C (PLC) is a key enzyme widely distributed in the body. Activation of PLC leads to the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate(PIP 2 )to produce inositol triphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG), which transfer the extracellular information to the effector molecules that regulate cell activities (Yang et al, 2011). Therefore, this experiment was designed to investigate the effects of EPA, DHA, and a combination of both at a ratio of 2:1, on the expression of intracellular prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), PLC, and IP3 of intestinal B lymphocytes from broilers.…”