Effects of dietary feeding of organocadmium to cattle and sheep

Wright, Fred C.; Palmer, J. S.; Riner, Jayme C.; Haufler, M; Miller, John A.; McBeth, Clyde A.

doi:10.1021/jf60210a007

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Some researchers13, 14 have not observed any effect on pig growth rates of Cd concentrations in pig feed up to 50 mg kg −1 feed. However, Cousins et al 15 found that the growth rate of pigs declined linearly to zero as dietary Cd concentration increased to 1.4 g kg −1 , and Wright et al 16 found reduced food conversion efficiency in cattle and sheep consuming food with added Cd. The variation in results may be due to different trace‐element deficiencies being triggered by high Cd intakes in some studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of adding cadmium and lead alone or in combination to the diet of pigs on their growth, carcase composition and reproduction

2003

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Limits for cadmium and lead concentrations in food animal products have been established independently, whereas these two toxic metals often co-exist in polluted regions. Weaned pigs (60) were allocated to ten treatments: control; low (0.5 mg kg −1 ), medium (1 mg kg −1 ) or high cadmium (2.5 mg kg −1 ) in feed; low (5 mg kg −1 ) medium (10 mg kg −1 ) or high (25 mg kg −1 ) lead in feed; and low, medium and high cadmium plus lead in feed. Growth rates and concentrations of cadmium and lead in body tissues (kidney, liver, spleen, lungs, heart, testicle, ribs, hair and teeth) were measured after 137 days. There was a similar reduction in weight gain for pigs in the cadmium and lead treatments, compared with the control, and a greater reduction for the pigs in the cadmium plus lead treatments. The reduction increased with the level of metal included. There was an increase in cadmium concentration of all tissues and blood with increasing feed cadmium concentration, which was usually less when lead was also included in the feed. There was also an increase in tissue lead concentration with increasing dietary lead, and this was in most cases increased when cadmium was also included in the feed. The most sensitive tissues for cadmium and lead exposure were the kidney, liver, hair and teeth, and regression equations were developed for the accumulation rates in these tissues. Tissue and blood cadmium concentrations increased gradually with increasing dietary lead, whereas tissue lead concentration was not sensitive to dietary cadmium, except in the ribs and heart. In a second experiment, 10 sows were allocated to a control diet or the same diet but with a supplement of cadmium and lead. The birth weight of piglets was decreased by the supplement and their mortality increased. Lead accumulated most in the ovary and oviduct of the sows, and there were increases in the lead and, to a lesser extent, cadmium concentrations of tissues of the piglets from these sows.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of adding cadmium and lead alone or in combination to the diet of pigs on their growth, carcase composition and reproduction

2003

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“…in hair have been detected in animals exposed to dust from lead ore trucks and smelter emissions. Wright et al (1977) found a good correlation between cadmium in cattle hair and cadmium (as cadminate) in feed for the range of to 500 ppm.…”

Section: Elevated Levels Of Cadmiummentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Cadmium concentrations in cattle urine are also of limited diagnositc use. The narrow range between background values (<0.15 ppm) and the only toxic concentration reported in the reviewed literature (0.7 ppm, Wright et al 1977) (Table 10) suggests urine may not be a reliable indicator of cadmium toxicity. Toxic hazard levels selected for cadmium levels in cattle kidneys and liver are 44 ppm and 25 ppm respectively.…”

Section: Toxic Cadmium Hazard Levels For Cattlementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Typical background concentrations of cadmium in the urine of livestock are less than 0.15 ppm for cattle (Wright et al 1977) 0.0003 to 0.0213 ppm for horses (Elinder et al . 1981) and 0.01 to 0.03 ppm for sheep (Wright et al 1977).…”

Section: Elevated Levels Of Cadmiummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Limited data suggest the background range for cattle hair cadmium concentrations will be 0.6 ppm or less (Powell et al 1964, Wright et al . 1977.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of the toxicity of arsenic, cadmium, lead and zinc in soil, plants, and livestock in the Helena Valley for East Helena site (ASARCO), East Helena, Montana

1987

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Extractable soil cadmium 3.3.3 Cadmium in plants 3.3 Lead in soils and plants 3.3.1 Lead literature review 3.3.2 Lead in soils 3.3.2.1 Total lead in soils 3.3.2.2 Extractable soil lead 3.3.3 Lead in plants 3.4 Zinc in soils and plants 3.4.1 Zinc literature review 3.4.2 Zinc in soils 3.4.2.1 Total zinc in soils 3.4.2.2 Extractable soil zinc 3.4.3 Zinc in plants 4.0 Hazard Levels for Water 4.1 Water Quality Levels for Livestock 4.2 Water Quality Levels for Irrigation 136 5.0 Regulatory Criteria From Other Technologies 138 5.1 Criteria from Land Application of Sewage Sludge 138 5.2 Criteria from Coal Overburden Suitability for Root Zone Material 143 5.3 Criteria for Defining Hazardous Wastes 143 5.4

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Effects of cadmium on reproduction, an epizootologic study

et al. 1993

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The Dutch part of Kempenland has been exposed to cadmium pollution since the last century. Experimental data suggest effects by cadmium on reproduction such as diminished fertility, decreased foetal growth, and specific malformations. Use was made of a historical cohort of dairy cows, ascertained from a surveillance program conducted by the regional Veterinary Health Service between 1976 and 1986. Ten dairy farms in the cadmium region were matched by size with 40 dairy farms from a reference area. Logistic models were used to calculate Odds (OR) and Rate Ratios (RR) and their 95% confidence interval. In total 4,039 exposed and 15,552 reference gestations were compared. The reasons for the slaughter of 574 exposed and of 2,824 reference cows were ascertained. A lower twinning rate [OR = 0.63 (0.47-0.84)] was found and more birth complications, for both calves [OR = 1.50 (1.25-1.80)] and cows [OR = 1.49 (1.24-1.79)]. More inseminations [OR = 1.20 (1.01-1.43)] were needed for conception in the exposed area. Deaths among twins [OR = 1.66 (0.90-3.07)] were not significantly higher. Perinatal death, premature death, age at, or reasons for, slaughter were not consistently different. These results are consistent with those of other observational and experimental studies. Extrapolation from these large domestic animals to humans is problematic, as is the more frequent extrapolation from rodents to humans. It can be concluded that longterm exposure to low levels of cadmium is associated with impaired reproduction in dairy cows.

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Effects of dietary feeding of organocadmium to cattle and sheep

Cited by 15 publications

References 1 publication

The effect of adding cadmium and lead alone or in combination to the diet of pigs on their growth, carcase composition and reproduction

The effect of adding cadmium and lead alone or in combination to the diet of pigs on their growth, carcase composition and reproduction

Assessment of the toxicity of arsenic, cadmium, lead and zinc in soil, plants, and livestock in the Helena Valley for East Helena site (ASARCO), East Helena, Montana

Effects of cadmium on reproduction, an epizootologic study

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