Effects of dietary fats and phytosterol on serum fatty acid composition and lipoprotein cholesterol in rats.

Hirai, Katsuyuki; Ohno, Yoshimi; Nakano, Takayo; Izutani, K

doi:10.3177/jnsv.30.101

Cited by 13 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Plant sterols, also referred to as phytosterols (PSs), are essential constituents of plant cell membranes because of their membrane-stabilizing effect . PSs are well-known for their cholesterol-lowering properties − . PSs have received U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) clearance for generally recognized as safe (GRAS) status.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the Solvent Type and Temperature on Phytosterol Contents and Compositions of Wheat Straw, Bran, and Germ Extracts

Dunford

Irmak

Jonnala

2009

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Wheat fractions, such as bran, germ, and straw, are rich in a number of health beneficial bioactive compounds. However, they have not been exploited to their full capacity for value-added product development. This study examines the potential of recovering phytosterol (PS)-enriched extracts from wheat germ, bran, and straw. The main objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of solvent type and temperature on PS content and composition in straw, bran, and germ extracts. Petroleum ether, chloroform, n-hexane, and ethanol were used as solvents. A pressurized solvent extraction system was used for extraction of wheat fractions. Germ extracts had the highest total PS content followed by straw and bran extracts. Beta-sitosterol, campesterol, and stigmasterol were the main PSs in all of the extracts. Ethanol extraction resulted in the lowest total PS recovery from germ. Solvent type had a significant effect on PS composition in straw extracts. beta-Sitosterol was the most abundant PS in straw hexane extracts (74% of total PS). Petroleum ether, chloroform, and ethanol extracted more stigmasterol than beta-sitosterol from straw. This study demonstrated that the solvent type and temperature had significant effects on both PS content and composition of extracts collected from wheat fractions. Because of the complex nature of the agricultural materials, solvent selection and process optimization need to be based on experimental data. Pressurized solvent extraction is a useful technique to screen complex biological materials for their composition and to determine processing conditions to be optimized.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the Solvent Type and Temperature on Phytosterol Contents and Compositions of Wheat Straw, Bran, and Germ Extracts

Dunford

Irmak

Jonnala

2009

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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“…ously changes in fatty acid composition and cholesterol level in serum and liver caused by dietary cholesterol and fats [8,9]. However, the effects of dietary cholesterol on cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism in the heart are not clear.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of Dietary Cholesterol Level on Heart Cholesterol and Palmitoleic Acid in Female Rats

Hirai

Fujiki

Matsushita

et al. 1988

J. Clin. Biochem. Nutr.

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The effects of dietary cholesterol on the relationship among cholesterol and fatty acid levels in the serum, liver, and heart of female rats were studied. When various levels of cholesterol (0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.00%) were added to a 10% butter diet with cholic acid, proportional increases appeared in liver weight (r=0.94), but no significant increase occurred in body or heart weight. An increase in dietary cholesterol induced increases in serum, liver, and heart cholesterol (r=0.72, r=0.87, and r=0.84, respectively). A direct relationship was found between the cholesterol levels for the serum and the liver (r=0.67) and for the serum and the heart (r=0.83). The ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids/cholesterol decreased with cholesterol levels in serum, liver, and heart (r=-0.83, r=-0 .74, and r =-0.77, respectively). The changes in heart cholesterol correlated positively with the changes in heart levels of palmitoleic acid (r=0.61), and the value of palmitoleic acid in the heart correlated with the values for serum palmitoleic acid (r=0.60). These results indicate that dietary cholesterol has profound effects on the levels of cholesterol and palmitoleic acid in the heart as in the serum and liver and show that changes in the amounts of cholesterol and palmitoleic acid in serum reflect changes in these amounts in the liver and heart.

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Traditional and Emerging Feedstocks for Food and Industrial Bioproduct Manufacturing

Dunford

2012

Food and Industrial Bioproducts and Bioprocessing

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Effects of dietary fats and phytosterol on serum fatty acid composition and lipoprotein cholesterol in rats.

Cited by 13 publications

References 20 publications

Effect of the Solvent Type and Temperature on Phytosterol Contents and Compositions of Wheat Straw, Bran, and Germ Extracts

Effect of the Solvent Type and Temperature on Phytosterol Contents and Compositions of Wheat Straw, Bran, and Germ Extracts

Effects of Dietary Cholesterol Level on Heart Cholesterol and Palmitoleic Acid in Female Rats

Traditional and Emerging Feedstocks for Food and Industrial Bioproduct Manufacturing

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