Effects of Dietary Components During and After Concomitant Chemoradiotherapy, Radiotherapy, or Sequential Chemoradiotherapy to the Abdominopelvic Area

Abstract

Radiotherapy is a fundamental part of the treatment of pelvic neoplasms. Up to 90% of patients develop gastrointestinal symptoms as a result of acute injury to the small and large intestine, particularly in the mucosa. Radiotherapy leads to atrophy of the intestinal epithelium, acute crypt inflammation, inflammatory infiltration of the epithelium, malabsorption of lactose, and biliary salts as well as alterations in pancreatic enzymes and biliary salts, resulting in the malabsorption syndrome and dysbiosis. The most commonly reported symptoms of pelvic radiation disease include changes in bowel habits (94%), decreased fecal consistency (80%), frequency of bowel movements (74%), bowel urgency (39%), and fecal incontinence (37%). Although nutritional interventions with dietary modifications have been reported to prevent and treat gastrointestinal symptoms, the evidence remains inconclusive.

The Protective Effects of Sour Orange (Citrus aurantium L.) Polymethoxyflavones on Mice Irradiation-Induced Intestinal Injury

“…The gastrointestinal form of acute radiation sickness (ARS) or acute radiation enteritis (RE) is a common complication of intraperitoneal radiotherapy which affects the postoperative life quality of patients and sometimes causes mortality. Studies have been carried out to explore approaches to alleviate the symptoms of ARS [ 17 , 18 ], including nutrition intervention, pharmaceutical discovery, daily nursing care and substitutive medication [ 5 , 6 , 14 , 17 ]. However, no certain cure has been put forward to solve the problems brought by ARS, and thus the exploration of ARS remains incomplete.…”

“…The gastrointestinal (GI) form of acute radiation sickness (ARS) is a common disease often observed among patients who received intraperitoneal radiotherapy. Symptoms may appear in any section of the intestine and may be featured as abdominal pain, diarrhea (or obstruction), ulcer and apostasies [ 5 , 6 ]. The severity of the disease may be influenced by body weight, sexual distinction and chronic diseases.…”

“…Immune cells and microorganisms may be also affected by irradiation which causes the collapse of both the immune barrier and microbial barrier [ 10 ]. Approaches have been discovered to relieve the symptoms of ARS, including nutritional support, probiotic-preparation intervention, surgery, antiphlogistic drugs and hyperbaric oxygen therapy [ 5 , 6 , 9 ]. However, most of the cures mentioned above show limited benefits and have high risks of recurrence.…”

Uso del NutriScore y evaluación de la capacidad funcional en los pacientes oncológicos ambulatorios

“…El tratamiento con quimioterapia suele ir acompañado de síntomas como náuseas, vómitos, pérdida de apetito, sequedad de la boca y cambios en la percepción del gusto o el olfato. Estos síntomas pueden afectar significativamente la calidad de vida (11,16,17) .…”

Effect of patient thickness on acute gastrointestinal toxicities following radiotherapy for prostate cancer

“…Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common malignancy in men in Malta, accounting for approxi-PCa, which commonly causes toxicities, with as many as 90% of patients developing gastrointestinal (GI) toxicities [5].…”