Effects of dietary chitosan and nano-chitosan loaded clinoptilolite on growth and immune responses of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Oushani, Ali Khani; Soltani, Mehdi; Sheikhzadeh, Najmeh; Mehrgan, Mehdi Shamsaie; Islami, Houman Rajabi

doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2020.01.016

Cited by 35 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…These results indicate that L. ramada has a resistance against the common infection attributed to pathogens in fishponds. Paralleling our study, Younus et al [24] and Khani Oushani et al [23] illustrated that silver carp and rainbow trout fed dietary chitosan nanoparticles had enhanced lysozyme and antibacterial activity. Interestingly, the enhanced phagocytosis activity seen in the present study accompanies the increased number of WBCs, which explains the improved immune response of L. ramada fed dietary chitosan nanoparticles.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…The results of the current study showed enhanced growth performance of L. ramada fed diets with chitosan nanoparticles. Similarly, the growth performance of Nile tilapia [19][20][21][22], rainbow trout [23], silver carp [24], and loach [15] was improved by dietary chitosan. The growth-promoting activity of chitosan is attributed to its role in activating the digestive enzymes by inhibiting the pathogenic bacteria and the activation of beneficial ones [26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Notably, the nanomaterials are applied in the biomedical, food preparation, and aquaculture sectors [18]. Regarding aquaculture-related studies, chitosan nanoparticles are included in the diets of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) [19][20][21][22], rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) [23], silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) [24], and loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) [15]. The results show an improved growth rate, feed utilization, immune response, and resistance against pathogens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Marine-Derived Chitosan Nanoparticles Improved the Intestinal Histo-Morphometrical Features in Association with the Health and Immune Response of Grey Mullet (Liza ramada)

et al. 2020

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Marine-derived substances are known for their beneficial influences on aquatic animals’ performances and are recommended to improve intestinal health, immunity, and anti-oxidative status. The present study investigates the role of chitosan nanoparticles on the intestinal histo-morphometrical features in association with the health and immune response of Grey Mullet (Liza ramada). Chitosan nanoparticles are included in the diets at 0, 0.5, 1, and 2 g/kg and introduced to fish in a successive feeding trial for eight weeks. The final body weight (FBW), weight gain (WG), and specific growth rate (SGR) parameters are significantly increased while feed conversion ratio (FCR) decreases by chitosan nanoparticles compared to the control (p < 0.05). The morphometric analysis of the intestines reveals a significant improvement in villus height, villus width, and the number of goblet cells in chitosan-treated groups in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, there is a positive correlation between the thickness of the enterocyte brush border and the chitosan dose, referring to an increasing absorptive activity. Histologically, the intestinal wall of Grey Mullet consists of four layers; mucosa, sub-mucosa, tunica muscularis (muscular layers), and serosa. The histological examination of the L. ramada intestine shows a normal histo-morphology. The epithelial layer of intestinal mucosa is thrown into elongated finger-like projections, the intestinal villi. The values of hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cells (RBCs), total protein (TP), albumin, and globulin are significantly increased in fish fed 1, and 2 g/kg of chitosan nanoparticles compared to fish fed 0 and 0.5 g/kg (p < 0.05). The highest levels of TP and albumin are observed in fish fed 1 g/kg diet (p < 0.05). The lysozyme activity and phagocytic index are significantly enhanced by feeding chitosan nanoparticles at 0.5, 1, and 2 g/kg, whereas the phagocytic activity is improved in fish fed 1 and 2 g/kg (p < 0.05). The highest lysozyme activity and phagocytic index are observed in fish fed 1 g/kg. SOD is significantly activated by feeding chitosan nanoparticles at 1 g/kg. Simultaneously, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) activities also are enhanced by feeding chitosan at 1 and 2 g/kg, compared to fish fed 0 and 0.5 g/kg (p < 0.05). The highest GPx and CAT activities are observed in fish fed 1 g/kg (p < 0.05). Conversely, the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels are decreased by feeding chitosan at 1 and 2 g/kg, with the lowest being in fish fed 1 g/kg (p < 0.05). To summarize, the results elucidate that L. ramada fed dietary chitosan nanoparticles have a marked growth rate, immune response, and anti-oxidative response. These improvements are attributed to the potential role of chitosan nanoparticles in enhancing intestinal histo-morphometry and intestinal health. These results soundly support the possibility of using chitosan nanoparticles at 1–2 g/kg as a feasible functional supplement for aquatic animals.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Marine-Derived Chitosan Nanoparticles Improved the Intestinal Histo-Morphometrical Features in Association with the Health and Immune Response of Grey Mullet (Liza ramada)

et al. 2020

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“…For example, one study showed that the performance and health of Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) were significantly improved when chitosan nanoparticles were loaded in basic diets (one gram per kilogram) [ 20 ]. Similarly, Khani Oushani et al found that diets supplemented with 0.05 g kg −1 of nano-chitosan and clinoptilolite could improve the growth performance and immune parameters of rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. However, these studies mentioned above principally aimed to improve the immunity of aquatic animals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Chitosan–Gentamicin Conjugate Supplement on Non-Specific Immunity, Aquaculture Water, Intestinal Histology and Microbiota of Pacific White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

Liang

Hou

et al. 2020

Marine Drugs

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When the aquaculture water environment deteriorates or the temperature rises, shrimp are susceptible to viral or bacterial infections, causing a large number of deaths. This study comprehensively evaluated the effects of the oral administration of a chitosan–gentamicin conjugate (CS-GT) after Litopenaeus vannamei were infected with Vibrio parahaemolyticus, through nonspecific immunity parameter detection, intestinal morphology observation, and the assessment of microbial flora diversification by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results showed that the oral administration of CS-GT significantly increased total hemocyte counts and reduced hemocyte apoptosis in shrimp (p < 0.05). The parameters (including superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione, lysozyme, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, and phenoloxidase) were significantly increased (p < 0.05). The integrity of the intestinal epithelial cells and basement membrane were enhanced, which correspondingly alleviated intestinal injury. In terms of the microbiome, the abundances of Vibrio (Gram-negative bacteria and food-borne pathogens) in the water and gut were significantly reduced. The canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) showed that the abundances of Vibrio both in the water and gut were negatively correlated with CS-GT dosage. In conclusion, the oral administration of CS-GT can improve the immunity of shrimp against pathogenic bacteria and significantly reduce the relative abundances of Vibrio in aquaculture water and the gut of Litopenaeus vannamei.

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“…In the present study, we found that dietary chitosan supplementation diet had positive significant effects on the growth attributes, such as weight gain, %BWG, SGR (%/day) and FCR as well as survival rate of fry of B. gonionotus. Some reports showed that dietary chitosan supplemented feeds significantly improved immunity and growth performances of fishes (Wang and Chen, 2005;Niu et al, 2013;Najafabad et al, 2016;Fadl et al, 2020;Oushani et al, 2020). On the contrary, the effects of chitosan treated supplemented diets on growth performances are controversial in the published literature (Kono et al, 1987;Shiau and Yu, 1999;Chen et al, 2014).…”

Section: Effects Of Chitosan On Growth Performances and Survival Of Fry Of B Gonionotusmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Dietary Chitosan Positively Modulates the Growth and Survival of Barbonymus gonionotus Fry

Islam

Paul

Das

et al. 2021

Ann. Bangladesh Agric.

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The dietary chitosan has been largely used in the supplemental diets of terrestrial animals to improve growth and development. However, there is little information on the roles of dietary chitosan in growth and development of aquatic animals like fishes. Thus, this study aimed at determining the effects of dietary chitosan on growth performances and survival of Barbonymus gonionotus fry. A total of 600 B. gonionotus fry (2.12±0.02 g) were considered for this study. This experiment consisted of four treatments (0, 1, 2 and 3 g Kg-1 formulated feeds) and each treatment had three replications with a stocking density of 50 fry/tank. The dietary chitosan was supplied as 8% of body weight of each fry twice daily for 60 days. Fish fry treated with the dietary chitosan exhibited significant (P < 0.05) improvement in growth (body weight gain, % body weight gain, specific growth rate, and feed conversion ratio) and survival of B. gonionotus in comparison with untreated control. The water quality parameters, such as temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen showed no significant variations, and maintained suitable range throughout the study period for fish growth. Among the treatments, application of 1 g chitosan kg-1 feed showed the highest positive effects on growth and survival of B. gonionotus fry, indicating their potentials for practical application in promoting sustainable aquaculture. Ann. Bangladesh Agric. (2020) 24(1) : 41-50

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Effects of dietary chitosan and nano-chitosan loaded clinoptilolite on growth and immune responses of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Cited by 35 publications

References 29 publications

Marine-Derived Chitosan Nanoparticles Improved the Intestinal Histo-Morphometrical Features in Association with the Health and Immune Response of Grey Mullet (Liza ramada)

Marine-Derived Chitosan Nanoparticles Improved the Intestinal Histo-Morphometrical Features in Association with the Health and Immune Response of Grey Mullet (Liza ramada)

Effects of Chitosan–Gentamicin Conjugate Supplement on Non-Specific Immunity, Aquaculture Water, Intestinal Histology and Microbiota of Pacific White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

The Dietary Chitosan Positively Modulates the Growth and Survival of Barbonymus gonionotus Fry

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