Effects of dietary carbohydrate-to-lipid ratio on the growth performance and feed utilization of juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus)

Miao, Shuyan; Nie, Qian; Miao, Huijun; Zhang, Wenbing; Mai, Kangsen

doi:10.1007/s11802-016-2934-8

Cited by 23 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Fish growth performance and metabolic efficiency vary depending on the dietary carbohydrate and lipid levels (17–19). Any imbalance in the supply of non-protein energy sources may negatively affect fish growth, conversion efficiency, nutrient retention, and body composition (20).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Dietary Carbohydrate and Lipid Concentrations on Growth Performance, Feed Utilization, Glucose, and Lipid Metabolism in Two Strains of Gibel Carp

Jin

et al. 2019

Front. Vet. Sci.

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To test the hypothesis that effects of dietary carbohydrate and lipid concentrations on growth performance, feeding utilization, glucose and lipid metabolism in gibel carp A strain may be differ from F strain, these two strain of gibel carp were fed with one of three different isonitrogenous diets: HCLL (45% carbohydrate, 2% lipid), MCML (30% carbohydrate, 8% lipid), or LCHL (15% carbohydrate, 14% lipid). After 8 weeks, the HCLL-fed fish had the highest hepatosomatic index, hepatic crude lipid levels, and triglyceride levels and lipid retention efficiency. Enhanced lipogenesis and lipid uptake potential were observed in fish fed HCLL and MCML diets. Moreover, increases in glucose transport ( glut2, P = 0.003) and glycolysis ( gk, P = 0.012; 6pfk, P = 0.005) in livers of both strains were induced by the high-carbohydrate diet. Genotype-specific effect was identified on plasma lipid content. Plasma triglyceride levels were also greater in the F strain than in the A strain. Furthermore, the F strain had higher levels of fatty acid β-oxidation and glycolysis compared with the A strain. Nutrient retention was affected ( P < 0.05) by the interaction between genotype and diet, implied dietary carbohydrate played a vital role in lipid accumulation in gibel carp. As dietary lipids increased, the F strain exhibited better feed utilization and a higher PRE than the A strain. However, the A strain had better growth performance. Overall, the F strain had better glucose uptake, glycolysis potential, and lipid utilization ability than the A strain.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Dietary Carbohydrate and Lipid Concentrations on Growth Performance, Feed Utilization, Glucose, and Lipid Metabolism in Two Strains of Gibel Carp

Jin

et al. 2019

Front. Vet. Sci.

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“…Therefore, dietary protein contributes not only to fish growth by providing AAs for protein synthesis, but also ATP production via AA catabolism. Evidence from several studies suggests that proteins and lipids are the major sources of energy for fish [36][37][38].…”

Section: Energy Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amino Acids as the Main Energy Source in Fish Tissues

2020

Aquac Fish Stud

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synthesis, but a regular intake of proteins or AAs is required because fish continually use these biomolecules to replace existing proteins for tissue maintenance and to build new proteins during growth and reproduction [2]. At present, there is a paucity of information about the mechanisms for AA utilization in the energetic metabolism. Usually, animals have many different cell types and this diversity is matched by a complex system of AA transporters that operate on basis of substrate specificity and ion requirements [7]. Furthermore, the fish body has a common pool of total AAs, which is divided into the intracellular pool and extracellular pool. The intracellular pool is organ-and cell-specific [1]. Furthermore, intracellular pools of different organs are linked to the extracellular pool through the circulatory system. The AA composition of the intracellular pool is strongly influenced by the cell enzymes and the manner in which AAs are transported across the cell membrane. The same factors also control the AA distribution among different cellular compartments, such as the cytosol and mitochondria [8]. Moreover, the free AA pool composition within fish body also depends on other factors, such as starvation, acclimatization, absorption time, and food protein composition [3]. In nature, feed deprivation is a typical condition for fish because of recurring seasonal fluctuations, such as reproductive conditions or the availability of prey [9]. Fish have the ability to survive under fasting conditions for short or long periods without serious detrimental physiological effects. Starvation may provide insights on nutrients mobilization without the confusing interferences that exist when

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“…Recently, an increasing number of studies have investigated the interactions between lipid and carbohydrate levels in fish species, such as red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus; Ellis and Reigh, 1991), rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss; Gümüş and Ikiz, 2009), blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala; Li et al, 2014), and large yellow croaker (Larmichthys crocea; Zhou et al, 2016). However, most studies mainly focused on determining the most favorable carbohydrate-to-lipid ratio for growth performance (Gao et al, 2010;Miao et al, 2016). The effects of different dietary CHO:L ratios on the molecular glucose and lipid metabolism in fish have rarely been investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Dietary Carbohydrate to Lipid Ratios on Growth Performance, Muscle Fatty Acid Composition, and Intermediary Metabolism in Juvenile Black Seabream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii)

et al. 2020

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An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary carbohydrate to lipid (CHO:L) ratios on growth performance, muscle fatty acid composition, and intermediary metabolism in juvenile black seabream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii). Five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets (48.0% crude protein and 18.0 MJ kg −1 gross energy) were formulated to contain different CHO:L ratios ranging from 0.33 to 3.75. Triplicate groups of 20 fish averaging 0.51 ± 0.01 g were fed with experimental diets twice daily to apparent satiation. The results indicated that final body weight (FBW), percentage weight gain (PWG), specific growth rate (SGR), and protein efficiency ratio (PER) were significantly influenced by the dietary CHO:L ratios (p < 0.05). The highest FBW, PWG, and SGR were observed in fish fed the diet with a CHO:L ratio of 1.36 (p < 0.05). A two-slope broken-line regression analysis based on PWG indicated that the optimal dietary CHO:L is 1.08. Lipid content in the whole body decreased, and glycogen concentration in the liver increased with the increase of dietary CHO:L ratios from 0.33 to 3.75 (p < 0.05). Moreover, there was a positive correlation between muscle fatty acid composition and dietary fatty acid composition. The relative expression levels of genes involved in glucose metabolism, such as gk, pepck, and glut2 were upregulated by increasing the dietary CHO:L ratio. Also, the mRNA expression level of genes related to lipid synthesis, such as fas and accα were significantly upregulated with dietary CHO:L ratios increasing from 0.33 to 3.75. The highest expression of genes involved in fatty acid β-oxidation, such as cpt1 and acox1, were observed in fish fed the 1.36 CHO:L ratio diet. The gene expression of 6 fatty acyl desaturase (fads2) in the liver significantly increased with increase of dietary CHO:L ratios from 0.33 to 3.75. Fish fed the diet with CHO:L ratios of 2.26 and 3.75 had lower expression levels of elovl5 than those fed the other diets. These results demonstrate that dietary optimal CHO:L ratios could improve PWG and SGR but also influence expression of genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism. Based on the overall results, the optimal dietary CHO:L ratio is 1.08 for black seabream.

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Effects of dietary carbohydrate-to-lipid ratio on the growth performance and feed utilization of juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus)

Cited by 23 publications

References 40 publications

Effects of Dietary Carbohydrate and Lipid Concentrations on Growth Performance, Feed Utilization, Glucose, and Lipid Metabolism in Two Strains of Gibel Carp

Effects of Dietary Carbohydrate and Lipid Concentrations on Growth Performance, Feed Utilization, Glucose, and Lipid Metabolism in Two Strains of Gibel Carp

Amino Acids as the Main Energy Source in Fish Tissues

Effects of Dietary Carbohydrate to Lipid Ratios on Growth Performance, Muscle Fatty Acid Composition, and Intermediary Metabolism in Juvenile Black Seabream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii)

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