Effects of dietary carbohydrate level on growth performance, innate immunity, antioxidant ability and hypoxia resistant of brook trout
            <i>Salvelinus fontinalis</i>

Zhang, Qingji; Chen, Yushi; Xu, Wenbin; Zhang, Yilin

doi:10.1111/anu.13186

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 77 publications

(166 reference statements)

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“…The results showed that the high cornstarch diet negatively affected the immune response of tilapia. This result is consistent with the findings of Zhang et al 32 that excessive dietary carbohydrate intake (> 250 g/kg) may decrease innate immunity status in brook trout. Lysozyme, as an important part of animal immune defense, is often used as an immune index of fish 41,42 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…In the current study, feeding tilapia with a high cornstarch diet seems to elicit strong stress symptoms. The results of previous studies on antioxidant stress of juvenile black carp 16 , Wuchang bream 31 , brook trout 32 , and largemouth bass 33 fed with high starch diet were similar to those of this study. These studies showed that the higher the activity of antioxidant enzymes, the better the health status of aquatic animals, and the better the metabolic balance 16 , 22 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

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Impact of high dietary cornstarch level on growth, antioxidant response, and immune status in GIFT tilapia Oreochromis niloticus

Han

Wang

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between different cornstarch levels in tilapia diet and immune function. All test fish were fed with three cornstarch levels: low-cornstarch (0, LS), medium-cornstarch (18%, MS) and high-cornstarch (36%, HS) diets. Three hundred and sixty fish (initial mean body weight 31.73 ± 1.36 g) were randomly allocated into twelve water-circulated tanks, and thirty fish per tank. Compared with the low and medium cornstarch diets, the results of growth showed that the high cornstarch diet significantly decreased the FBW, WGR, and SGR, and increased the FCR of tilapia (P < 0.05). The high cornstarch diet significantly decreased the content of crude protein and increased the content of crude lipid in whole body composition (P < 0.05). Moreover, the VSI and CF in HS diet were significantly higher than those of LS diet (P < 0.05). The results of blood biochemical index exhibited that the HS diet significantly increased the content of blood glucose, and liver/muscle glycogen (P < 0.05). The results of antioxidant experiments demonstrated that the content of SOD and T-AOC in MS diet were significantly higher than those of HS diet (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the content of MDA in MS diet was significantly lower than that of HS diet (P < 0.05). The results of immune index test showed that the lysozyme activities in the serum, liver, and gill, and the phagocytic activity and index in MS diet were significantly higher than those of HS diet (P < 0.05). The challenge assay results revealed that the mortality rate of HS diet was higher than those of LS and MS diets, but the difference was not significant (P > 0.05). In conclusion, the overall results suggested that the 36% cornstarch diet reduced not only the growth performance, but also body immunity. Under this experimental condition, GIFT tilapia could tolerate 18% cornstarch, but not 36% cornstarch.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Impact of high dietary cornstarch level on growth, antioxidant response, and immune status in GIFT tilapia Oreochromis niloticus

Han

Wang

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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“…This also confirmed that a high-carbohydrate diet caused lipid peroxidation. Similar results were found in fish fed a high-carbohydrate diet, such as M. amblycephala [ 33 ], Salvelinus fontinalis [ 44 ] and Micropterus salmoides [ 11 ]. Besides, SOD activity and T-AOC in the liver were determined to evaluate to evaluate the effect of carbohydrate levels on the antioxidant capacity of O. mykiss .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…Yilmaz [13] demonstrated that 270 g/kg potato starch supplementation negatively affected lysozyme activity in O. mykiss. Similar results have reported in S. fontinalis and E. ilishaeformis fed with a high carbohydrate diet [44,46]. The findings of this study indicated that highcarbohydrate diet impaired the immune ability of O. mykiss.…”

supporting

confidence: 90%

Effects of Dietary Carbohydrate Levels on Growth Performance, Body Composition, Antioxidant Capacity, Immunity, and Liver Morphology in Oncorhynchus mykiss under Cage Culture with Flowing Freshwater

Zhao

Wei

Wang

et al. 2022

Aquaculture Nutrition

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The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of dietary carbohydrate levels on growth performance, body composition, antioxidant capacity, immunity, and liver morphology in Oncorhynchus mykiss under cage culture with flowing freshwater. Fish (initial body weight 25.70 ± 0.24 g) were fed five isonitrogenous (420 g/kg protein) and isolipidic (150 g/kg lipid) diets containing 50.6, 102.1, 151.3, 200.9 and 251.8 g/kg carbohydrate levels, respectively. The results indicated that fish fed diets containing 50.6-200.9 g/kg carbohydrate showed significantly higher growth performance, feed utilization, and feed intake than those fed 251.8 g/kg dietary carbohydrate levels. Based on the analysis of the quadratic regression equation for weight gain rate, the appropriate dietary carbohydrate requirement of O. mykiss was estimated to be 126.2 g/kg. 251.8 g/kg carbohydrate level activated Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway, suppressed superoxide dismutase activity and total antioxidant capacity, and increased MDA content in the liver. Besides, fish fed a diet containing 251.8 g/kg carbohydrate showed a certain degree of hepatic sinus congestion and dilatation in the liver. Dietary 251.8 g/kg carbohydrate upregulated the mRNA transcription level of proinflammatory cytokines and downregulated the mRNA transcription level of lysozyme and complement 3. Whole-body compositions were not affected by dietary carbohydrate levels. In conclusion, 251.8 g/kg carbohydrate level suppressed the growth performance, antioxidant capacity and innate immunity, resulting in liver injury and inflammatory response of O. mykiss. A diet containing more than 200.9 g/kg carbohydrate is not efficiently utilized by O. mykiss under cage culture with flowing freshwater.

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“…This latter purpose leads to the release of brook trout in the natural environment as invasive species, which has an adverse ecological impact on the local ecosystem and fauna. Several studies have been conducted on this fish species concerning such topics as distribution [ 23 ], production performance [ 24 ], and sanitary conditions [ 25 , 26 ]. Although several aspects have been investigated with respect to this species, to the best of our knowledge, there are currently no studies concerning the intestinal microbiota.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Gut Microbiota of Farmed and Wild Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis): Evaluation of Feed-Related Differences Using 16S rRNA Gene Metabarcoding

et al. 2023

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The gut microbiota has become a topic of increasing importance in various fields, including aquaculture. Several fish species have been the subject of investigations concerning the intestinal microbiota, which have compared different variables, including the intestinal portions, the environment, and diet. In this study, the microbiota of farmed and wild brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) were analyzed, in which the wall and content of the medial portion of the intestine were considered separately. A total of 66 fish (age class 2+) were sampled, of which 46 were wild and 20 were farmed brook trout, in two different years. Microbiota data were obtained using a 16S metabarcoding approach by analyzing the V3–V4 hypervariable regions of the corresponding 16S rRNA. The data showed that the core microbiota of these species consist of Proteobacteria (Alpha- and Gammaproteobacteria), Actinobacteria, Firmicutes (Bacilli and Clostridia), and, only for farmed animals, Fusobacteria. The latter taxon’s presence is likely related to the fishmeal-based diet administered to farmed brook trout. Indeed, alpha and beta diversity analysis showed differences between wild and farmed fish. Finally, statistically significant differences in the microbiota composition were observed between the intestinal walls and contents of wild fish, while no differences were detected in reared animals. Our work represents the first study on the intestinal microbiota of brook trout with respect to both farmed and wild specimens. Future studies might focus on the comparison of our data with those pertaining to other fish species and on the study of other portions of the brook trout intestine.

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Effects of dietary carbohydrate level on growth performance, innate immunity, antioxidant ability and hypoxia resistant of brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis

Cited by 12 publications

References 77 publications

Impact of high dietary cornstarch level on growth, antioxidant response, and immune status in GIFT tilapia Oreochromis niloticus

Impact of high dietary cornstarch level on growth, antioxidant response, and immune status in GIFT tilapia Oreochromis niloticus

Effects of Dietary Carbohydrate Levels on Growth Performance, Body Composition, Antioxidant Capacity, Immunity, and Liver Morphology in Oncorhynchus mykiss under Cage Culture with Flowing Freshwater

The Gut Microbiota of Farmed and Wild Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis): Evaluation of Feed-Related Differences Using 16S rRNA Gene Metabarcoding

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