Effects of dietary arachidonic acid and docosahexanoic acid at different carbohydrates levels on gilthead sea bream growth performance and intermediary metabolism

Magalhães, Rui; Martins, Nicole; Fontinha, Filipa; Moutinho, Sara; Olsen, Rolf Erik; Perés, Helena; Oliva-Teles, Aires

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2021.737233

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The liver was evaluated by paying special attention to hypertrophy and nuclei position of the hepatocytes ( Betancor et al, 2017 ). Previous studies indicated that feeds high-carbohydrates levels caused liver damage of fish, which were manifested in increased vacuolization and movement of nuclei to the margins ( Magalheãs et al, 2021 ; Zhao et al, 2022 ). This suggests that the use of BBR is beneficial to the liver health of largemouth bass and that antibiotics are detrimental to liver health.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Berberine regulates glucose metabolism in largemouth bass by modulating intestinal microbiota

Xia

Yang²,

Zhang³

et al. 2023

Front. Physiol.

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This study examined the role of intestinal microbiota in berberine (BBR)-mediated glucose (GLU) metabolism regulation in largemouth bass. Four groups of largemouth bass (133.7 ± 1.43 g) were fed with control diet, BBR (1 g/kg feed) supplemented diet, antibiotic (ATB, 0.9 g/kg feed) supplemented diet and BBR + ATB (1g/kg feed +0.9 g/kg feed) supplemented diet for 50 days. BBR improved growth, decreased the hepatosomatic and visceral weight indices, significantly downregulated the serum total cholesterol and GLU levels, and significantly upregulated the serum total bile acid (TBA) levels. The hepatic hexokinase, pyruvate kinase, GLU-6-phosphatase and glutamic oxalacetic transaminase activities in the largemouth bass were significantly upregulated when compared with those in the control group. The ATB group exhibited significantly decreased final bodyweight, weight gain, specific growth rates and serum TBA levels, and significantly increased hepatosomatic and viscera weight indices, hepatic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, phosphofructokinase, and pyruvate carboxylase activities, and serum GLU levels. Meanwhile, the BBR + ATB group exhibited significantly decreased final weight, weight gain and specific growth rates, and TBA levels and significantly increased hepatosomatic and viscera weight indices and GLU levels. High-throughput sequencing revealed that compared with those in the control group, the Chao one index and Bacteroidota contents were significantly upregulated and the Firmicutes contents were downregulated in the BBR group. Additionally, the Shannon and Simpson indices and Bacteroidota levels were significantly downregulated, whereas the Firmicutes levels were significantly upregulated in ATB and BBR + ATB groups. The results of in-vitro culture of intestinal microbiota revealed that BBR significantly increased the number of culturable bacteria. The characteristic bacterium in the BBR group was Enterobacter cloacae. Biochemical identification analysis revealed that E. cloacae metabolizes carbohydrates. The size and degree of vacuolation of the hepatocytes in the control, ATB, and ATB + BBR groups were higher than those in the BBR group. Additionally, BBR decreased the number of nuclei at the edges and the distribution of lipids in the liver tissue. Collectively, BBR reduced the blood GLU level and improved GLU metabolism in largemouth bass. Comparative analysis of experiments with ATB and BBR supplementation revealed that BBR regulated GLU metabolism in largemouth bass by modulating intestinal microbiota.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Berberine regulates glucose metabolism in largemouth bass by modulating intestinal microbiota

Xia

Yang²,

Zhang³

et al. 2023

Front. Physiol.

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“…Non‐protein energy sources like lipids and carbohydrates are prime candidates in the search for protein substitutes (Basto‐Silva et al, 2022; Enes et al, 2011). However, because they lack the enzymes necessary to digest carbohydrates, carnivorous fish are far less tolerant to sugar than other fish (Enes et al, 2011; Legate et al, 2001; Magalhães et al, 2021). Unexpectedly, low‐level carbohydrate addition enhances the utilization of feed protein while simultaneously promoting fish development (Li, Xu, et al, 2016; Wu et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Replacing starch with resistant starch (Laminaria japonica) improves water quality, nitrogen and phosphorus budget and microbial community in hybrid snakehead (Channa maculata ♀ × Channa argus ♂)

Wang

Zuo

Wang

et al. 2023

Water Environment Research

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It is essential to increase the use of carbohydrates as an energy source and improve protein synthesis and utilization to reduce ammonia nitrogen emissions. A 60‐day cultural experiment was conducted to assess the impact of resistant starch (kelp meal, Laminaria japonica) replacing starch on water quality, nitrogen and phosphorus budget and microbial community of hybrid snakehead. Approximately 1350 experimental fish (11.4 ± 0.15 g) were randomly divided into control group (C, 20% starch) and four resistant starch groups: low replacement group (LR, 15% starch), medium replacement group (MR, 10% starch), high replacement group (HR, 5% starch) and full replacement group (FR, 0% starch). The crude protein and crude fat content of hybrid snakehead fish fed with the FR diet had the most significant improvement (P < 0.05). However, resistant starch also increased the effectiveness of nitrogen and phosphorus utilization in hybrid snakeheads, which decreased the proportion of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in tail water. The minimum nitrogen and phosphorus emission rate was when the starch level was 6.1%. Denitrifying microbes including Gemmobacter, Rhodobacter, Emticicia and Bosea have become much more prevalent in group FR (P < 0.05). In general, replacing starch with resistant starch can enhance the rate at which nitrogen and phosphorus are used in feeding, lessening water pollution and altering environmental microbial composition. Practitioner Points Resistant starch (RS) improves whole fish nutritional content. Resistant starch improves dietary nitrogen and phosphorus utilization. Resistant starch acts as a carbon source and encourages the colonization of denitrifying bacteria in water.

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“…Choline deficiency impeded the absorption of intestinal amino acids in juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), which might be related to the expression of the corresponding transporters, including SLC7A6 associated with protein digestion and absorption pathway (Yuan et al, 2020). Fatty acids (FAs), especially arachidonic acid and alpha-linolenic acid, are among the most important nutritional factors for successful fish production (Norambuena et al, 2013;Magalhães et al, 2021). Dietary arachidonic acid could regulate lipid metabolism and accelerate the growth of striped bass (Morone saxatilis) juveniles (Araujo et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Welfare of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, GIFT Strain) Juveniles Cultured in Different Light Spectra

Zhai

Wang

et al. 2022

Front. Mar. Sci.

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The light spectrum is a vital environmental factor for the culture of fish, and the welfare of farmed fish is a crucial issue in aquaculture. In this study, Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, GIFT strain) juveniles were exposed to full-spectrum (LW), red (LR), yellow (LY), or blue (LB) light. After the 45-day experiment, growth performance, stress responses, and aggressive behaviors were evaluated, and transcriptomic analysis was carried out. The results revealed that LW and LR positively affected growth performance. At the same time, LY and LB had a negative effect. Light spectrum induced stress responses of juvenile fish exposed to LY, under which the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and cortisol (COR) contents were the highest. The activities of α-amylase (AMS), protease (PES), and lipase (LPS) in the digestive tract showed a similar tendency, indicating that the light spectra altered the digestive enzyme activities and then affected growth. Behavioral analyses showed increased chase and bite activities of tilapia juveniles exposed to LW and LY. The affected functions included the nervous system, muscle morphogenesis, and immune system-related regulation. Enriched Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways include the tryptophan metabolism signaling pathway, protein digestion and absorption signaling pathway, Jak-STAT signaling pathway, arachidonic acid metabolism signaling pathway, and alpha-linolenic acid metabolism signaling pathway. Overall, light spectra influenced the welfare of farmed tilapia juveniles in terms of growth, stress, and behavior. Our results suggested that LR should be used in juvenile tilapia culture.

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Effects of dietary arachidonic acid and docosahexanoic acid at different carbohydrates levels on gilthead sea bream growth performance and intermediary metabolism

Cited by 10 publications

References 48 publications

Berberine regulates glucose metabolism in largemouth bass by modulating intestinal microbiota

Berberine regulates glucose metabolism in largemouth bass by modulating intestinal microbiota

Replacing starch with resistant starch (Laminaria japonica) improves water quality, nitrogen and phosphorus budget and microbial community in hybrid snakehead (Channa maculata ♀ × Channa argus ♂)

The Welfare of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, GIFT Strain) Juveniles Cultured in Different Light Spectra

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