Effects of Dietary Apple Polyphenol on Adipose Tissues Weights in Wistar Rats

Abstract

In this study, we investigated whether dietary apple polyphenol (APP) had an

Methanolic Extract of Clinacanthus nutans Leaves can Alter Adipocyte Cellularity, Inflammation and Acetyl Cholinesterase Activity in Male Obese Mice

“…Similar to this study, Wu et al [39] concluded that dietary mulberry anthocyanins (MACN) had an effect on both number and the size of adipocytes in mice adipose tissue [40]. The reduction in the size of the abdominal fat cell could be attributed to the bioactivities of the polyphenolic compounds in C. nutans [19,26]. This adipositymodulating effect of C. nutans extract could be attributed to various reasons.…”

“…To determine the effects of treatment on adipocyte morphology, visceral and subcutaneous fat was excised immediately after euthanasia with some modified [19]. For analysis of adipocyte size, fat pads of mice from each group were fixed in formalin 10%, and then samples were fixed in Acetone 1:10 for 72 hours, processed by automated tissue processor (Leica, Germany).…”

“…The efficacy of medicinal plants could be attributed to the similarities between plant and mammalian biochemistry and molecular functioning, specifically, the many molecular signaling pathways that are preserved between the taxa and play roles in the synthesis of secondary metabolite within plants [18]. Medicinal plants contain polyphenols, which consist of tannins and flavonoids, which are widely found as secondary metabolites in plants [19]. However, is highly subjective and, therefore these phenolic substances derived antioxidant supplements [20], have been described to quench free radicals and prevent disease like anti-inflammatory, antihyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic properties (Figure 1) [21].…”

“…To address these concerns, supplementation of chlorogenic acid lowered the body weight gain and adipose weight compared to the high-fat diet HFD control group and caffeic acid group [24]. In chloroplast, thylakoids contain a hundred different membrane proteins, galactolipids and sulpholipids as well as various vitamins (A, E and K), thus a variety of bioactive compounds that could be responsible for the retardation of fat digestion [25], as well as the reduction in the size of the abdominal fat cell could be attributed to the bioactivities of the polyphenolic compounds [19,26]. Different plants contain a large variety of several components with different anti-obesity effects on body metabolism and fat oxidation, and for this reason have been investigated and reported to be useful in the treatment of obesity [27].…”

Quercetin with vitamin C and niacin does not affect body mass or composition

“…Andersen et al (2010) also highlighted that the pharmacological doses used successfully in vitro often fail to affect adipogenesis in animal or human models; however, combinations of photochemical, as opposed to isolated compounds, may be more beneficial in eliciting desired weight loss effects. For example, Nakazato et al (2006) found that supplementing rats with 5% apple polyphenols in the diet resulted in significantly reduced adipose tissue masses and reduced adipogenesis compared to that in control animals. Also, Nieman et al (2009) found that 2 weeks of supplementation with quercetin combined with EGCG resulted in a significant reduction in inflammation following heavy exertion in cyclists.…”