Effects of dietary amino acid levels and ambient temperature on mixed muscle protein turnover in <i>Pectoralis major</i> during finisher feeding period in two broiler lines

Maharjan, Pramir; Mullenix, G.J.; Hilton, Katie; Beitia, A.; Weil, Jordan; Suesuttajit, N.; Martínez, Diego; Umberson, C.; England, J.; Caldas, Justina V.; Naranjo, Víctor; Coon, C. N.

doi:10.1111/jpn.13363

Cited by 28 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…A decreasing mixed muscle FSR with increasing age of the broiler was also found in present study for both strains. Interestingly, the FSR (%/D) in modern broilers as observed in the present study was higher than that of broilers reared in the past decades ( Jones et al., 1986 ; Tesseraud et al., 1996 ; Pym et al., 2004 ; Maharjan et al., 2020b ). The higher synthesis rates in current lines of broilers were accompanied by higher degradation rates as well.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 57%

“…Earlier studies that measured FSR in mixed muscle in pectoralis major in broilers over age found progressive and significant decrease in FSR values (22.4 to 12.5%/D) ( Tesseraud et al., 1996 ; Urdaneta-Rincon and Leeson, 2004 ; Maharjan et al., 2020b ). A decreasing mixed muscle FSR with increasing age of the broiler was also found in present study for both strains.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Strain B also had an overall higher FDR values over all sampling ages, which could be a probable reason that strain B possessed less protein % of total body mass ( Figure 1 B). Decreased protein synthesis and increased degradation is a physiological phenomenon that may contribute to muscle protein loss, whereas the proteolytic pathways (ubiquitin-proteasome, lysosomal, and calpain) may be more evident in enhanced degradation of muscle tissue ( Khalil et al., 2018 ; McCarthy and Murach, 2019 ; Maharjan et al., 2020b ). Furthermore, both strains had higher FDR values for myopathy-affected broilers than for nonmyopathy broilers, which was also validated by the relatively higher expression of 3-MH in plasma samples in myopathy-affected broilers for both strains ( Maharjan et al., 2020c ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In vivo collagen and mixed muscle protein turnover in 2 meat-type broiler strains in relation to woody breast myopathy

Maharjan¹,

Weil²,

Beitia³

et al. 2020

Poultry Science

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Two meat-type broiler strains, strain A and strain B, were reared in floor pens (25 birds/pen; 45 pens/strain) for pectoralis (P) major collagen and mixed muscle protein turnover ( PT ) study from 0–56 D using primary breeder nutrition and husbandry guidelines. Forty broilers (n = 10/strain for collagen PT; n = 10/strain for mixed muscle PT) were selected at each sampling age at day 21, 28, 35, 42, and 56 and infused with 1- 13 C proline ( Pro ) and 15 N-phenylalanine ( Phe ) which are used as amino acid tracers for collagen and mixed muscle PT measurements, respectively. Muscle and plasma samples were collected, and enrichments of 1- 13 C Pro and 15 N-Phe were determined using mass spectrometry. Fractional synthesis rate ( FSR ) and fractional degradation rate ( FDR ) were measured for collagen and mixed muscle using precursor-product principle. At day 42, after separating the sampled broilers as myopathy (woody breast [ WB ] score > 1) and nonmyopathy (WB = 0), plasma metabolites were screened for differential 3-methyhistidine ( 3-MH ) expression for both strains. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA using t test. Results showed that collagen and mixed muscle FSR and FDR in pectoralis major decreased ( P < 0.05) for both strains as the broilers aged. FSR for collagen and FDR for mixed muscle were higher for strain B than those for strain A ( P < 0.05). Total collagen was higher ( P < 0.05) for strain B. Differentially expressed 3-MH in plasma was higher ( P < 0.05) for myopathy-affected broilers indicating greater muscle degradation occurring in myopathy-affected broiler types for both strains. 3-MH Expression in plasma was higher for strain B than for strain A. The research findings showing an increased collagen content per unit muscle weight in pectoralis major in strain B (than in strain A) could be due to higher mixed muscle FDR and increased collagen FSR occurring during the grow-out period. The increased degradation of muscle fibers and probable replacement of muscle-specific protein with connective tissue, mainly collagen, was an evident pathophysiological phenomenon occurring in myopathy-affected broilers.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 57%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In vivo collagen and mixed muscle protein turnover in 2 meat-type broiler strains in relation to woody breast myopathy

Maharjan¹,

Weil²,

Beitia³

et al. 2020

Poultry Science

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“…Protein accretion increased as dietary AA level increased as indicated by the increased 42 d breast and tenders meat yields and BC results ( Figure 4 , Table 5 , and Table 6 ). Protein turnover measurements in Pectoralis major were also conducted in the current trial where the results are reported in Maharjan et al. (2020b) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is reduced protein synthesis ( Maharjan et al., 2020b ) in heat-stressed broilers, because of downregulation of IGF1-mTOR pathway and changes in mRNA expression of AA transporters in intestine ( Habashy et al., 2017 ; Ma et al., 2018 ). Glucocorticoids such as corticosterone act as mediator of muscle protein catabolism, which tends to be elevated in heat-stressed broilers ( Soleimani et al., 2011 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of digestible amino acids to energy ratios on performance and yield of two broiler lines housed in different grow-out environmental temperatures

Maharjan¹,

Mullenix²,

Hilton³

et al. 2020

Poultry Science

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Two broiler lines, Line A and Line B, were fed experimental diets from 22 to 42 d with objectives to determine effects of digestible amino acids ( AA ) to metabolizable energy ratios on feed intake ( FI ), performance, and processing yield. Experimental diets were formulated to 3,150 kcal/kg with 5 levels of digestible lysine ( dLys )—80, 90, 100, 110, and 120% of recommended AA level giving g dLys/Mcal values of 2.53, 2.85, 3.17, 3.48, and 3.80, respectively. All other AA were formulated to a fixed ratio to dLys. A total of 4,050 chicks were utilized in each trial (9 replicate pens for each AA level and each line; 45 chicks/pen) conducted twice: one in hot environmental temperature ( HT ) (24 h mean ∼85.3 °F; 80.9% RH) and another in cool environmental temperature ( CT ) (24 h mean ∼71.6 °F; 61.7% RH). Results showed that FI was not impacted by dietary AA levels in HT for both lines. Higher FI ( P < 0.05) was observed in CT for lower dietary AA levels (<100% AA level) for both lines, with overall higher FI occurring in Line B. Higher FI for Line B was also accompanied by higher body weight in HT and CT. Treatment diets had quadratic effects on average daily gain ( ADG ), feed conversion ratio ( FCR ), and processing yields (breasts and tenders) in both HT and CT, with broilers in CT performing better ( P < 0.05). The optimal response values for ADG in HT and CT were 89.72 g and 113.44 g occurring at 120 and 109.5% AA level, respectively. The optimal response values for FCR in HT and CT were 1.79 and 1.58 occurring at 120 and 117.5% AA level, respectively. The optimal response values for breast meat yield in HT and CT were 575.9 g and 776.5 g occurring at 112.6 and 114.5% AA level, respectively. The optimal response values for tender meat yield in HT and CT were 119.8 g and 154.9 g occurring at 120 and 115% AA level, respectively. Line A had a higher breast and tender yield % (of live weight) for both environmental temperatures which correlated to body composition data with higher % protein mass and % digestible AA retention. In this study, findings indicated that effects of increased digestible AA density on FI, performance, and processing yield are specific to strain and grow-out temperature, but the optimum response was attained for both lines with diets containing 110 to 120% AA levels (3.48–3.80 g dLys/Mcal) during the 22 to 42 d finisher period.

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A novel dynamic proteomics approach for the measurement of broiler chicken protein fractional synthesis rate

Peinado-Izaguerri

Zarzuela

McLaughlin

et al. 2023

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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Rationale The study of protein synthesis in farm animals is uncommon despite its potential to increase knowledge about metabolism and discover new biomarkers of health and growth status. The present study describes a novel dynamic proteomics approach for the measurement of protein fractional synthesis rate (FSR) in broiler chickens. Methods Chickens received a 10 g/kg oral dose of 2H2O at day 21 of their life. Body water 2H abundance was measured in plasma samples using a portable Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. Free and protein‐bound amino acids (AAs) were isolated and had their 2H enrichment measured by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Peptide 2H enrichment was measured by proteomics analysis of plasma and muscle samples. Albumin, fibrinogen and muscle protein FSR were calculated from GC/MS and proteomics data. Results Ala appeared to be more enriched at the site of protein synthesis than in the AA free pools. Glu was found to be the AA closest to isotopic equilibrium between the different AA pools. Glu was used as an anchor to calculate n(AA) values necessary for chicken protein FSR calculation in dynamic proteomics studies. FSR values calculated using proteomics data and GC/MS data showed good agreement as evidenced by a Bland–Altman residual plot. Conclusions A new dynamic proteomics approach for the measurement of broiler chicken individual protein FSR based on the administration of a single 2H2O oral bolus has been developed and validated. The proposed approach could facilitate new immunological and nutritional studies on free‐living animals.

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Effects of dietary amino acid levels and ambient temperature on mixed muscle protein turnover in Pectoralis major during finisher feeding period in two broiler lines

Cited by 28 publications

References 31 publications

In vivo collagen and mixed muscle protein turnover in 2 meat-type broiler strains in relation to woody breast myopathy

In vivo collagen and mixed muscle protein turnover in 2 meat-type broiler strains in relation to woody breast myopathy

Effect of digestible amino acids to energy ratios on performance and yield of two broiler lines housed in different grow-out environmental temperatures

A novel dynamic proteomics approach for the measurement of broiler chicken protein fractional synthesis rate

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