Effects of dietary administration of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) extracts on the immune responses and disease resistance of giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii

Dietary supplement of banana (Musa acuminata) peels hot-water extract to enhance the growth, anti-hypothermal stress, immunity and disease resistance of the giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii

“…An oral administration of W. somnifera extracts at dosages of 0.1% and 1.0% enhanced the bacterial clearance in haemolymph of M. rosenbergii [7]. The clearance efficiency and phagocytic activity against L. garvieae increased in prawns fed with water hyacinth extracts at 1e3 g kg À1 for 12 days was demonstrated [8]. The clearance efficiency and phagocytic activity of M. rosenbergii to L. garvieae were found to be increased, and these results are well correlated with the resistance against L. garvieae when the prawns received BPE via injection [43] and dietary administration in this study.…”

“…In crayfish, Pacifastacus leniusculus, blocking of TG using haematopoietic cell lines promoted cell migration and prevented cell differentiation, suggesting its functional involvement in haematopoiesis [48]. Chang et al [8] indicated that M. rosenbergii fed with water hyacinth, E. crassipes, extract containing diets at 2.0 and 3.0 g kg À1 for 12 days significantly increased the TG activity and decreased the clotting time, suggesting acceleration of haemolymph coagulation of prawns is due to an increase in TG activities and/or the concentration of clotting proteins. In our previous study, prawns injected with BPE at 1.0e6.0 mg (g prawn) À1…”

“…The details of measurements were described previously [8]. The optical density (OD) was measured at 490 nm, and the PO activity was expressed as dopachrome formation in 50 ml of haemolymph or per 10 7 the sum of granular cells (GCs) and semi-GCs (SGCs).…”

“…RBs were expressed as NBT reduction in 10 ml of haemolymph or per 10 7 haemocytes. The haemocytes lysate supernatant (HLS) was prepared as described previously [8]. The SOD activity of HLS was measured by its ability to inhibit superoxideradical-dependent reactions using a Ransod kit (Randox, Crumlin, UK).…”

“…It is encouraging to note that, dietary administration of polysaccharide gel (from the fruit-rind of Durio zibethinus) had significantly increased the immune responses and resistance of Penaeus monodon against Vibrio harveyi and white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection [6]. Moreover, the administration of Withania somnifera and Eichhornia crassipes extracts through supplemental diet had positively enhanced the immunity and survival rate in M. rosenbergii against Aeromonas hydrophila and Lactococcus garvieae infection, respectively [7,8].…”