Effects of Dietary Additives in Artificial Diets on Survival And Larval Development of<i>Cnaphalocrocis medinalis</i>(Lepidoptera: Crambidae)

Wang, Yecheng; Zhang, Shukun; Ren, Xiu-Bei; Su, Jianya

doi:10.1653/024.097.0306

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Although the tomato-leaf powder contains sugars and amino acids, which could stimulate the start of feeding ( Awmack and Leather 2002 ), it is possible that secondary compounds that hinder the development of caterpillars were preserved by the lyophilization. For example some studies have not shown any benefits of adding these components compared with diets without plant material ( Wang et al 2014 ). The use of smaller amounts of the lyophilized product should be evaluated, in order to increase viability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selection and Suitability of an Artificial Diet forTuta absoluta(Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) Based on Physical and Chemical Characteristics

Bajonero

Parra

2016

J Insect Sci

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Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) is a key tomato pest in South America and, recently, in Europe and Africa. To develop efficient control methods for this pest, adequate rearing protocols are desirable. As an alternative to tomato leaves (natural diet), we evaluated four artificial diets. Biological traits including larval and pupal viability and development time, pupal weight and deformations were assessed. Additionally, the optimum container size and larval density were evaluated. The diet based on casein, wheat germ and cellulose allowed the best development of T. absoluta, showing higher viability and no negative effects on larval instars and pupal weight. The best container was a glass tube measuring Ø 1 × h 6 cm, topped with waterproof cotton, with a density of three larvae. To evaluate the suitability of this diet, T. absoluta was reared during eight generations and life-table parameters were estimated for the F1, F3, F6, and F8 generations. The total viability (egg–adult) increased over the generations, reaching 75% in the eighth generation. Based on life-table estimations no differences among generations were found. The net reproductive rate (Ro) was higher than 40, the intrinsic rate of increase (rm) ranged between 0.08 and 0.11, the finite rate of increase (λ) was 1.1, the mean generation time (T) have a maximum of 44 d and doubling time ranged from 5.89–8.32 generations. These results indicated that a diet based on casein, wheat germ and cellulose was suitable for T. absoluta rearing in laboratory conditions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selection and Suitability of an Artificial Diet forTuta absoluta(Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) Based on Physical and Chemical Characteristics

Bajonero

Parra

2016

J Insect Sci

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“…Sedikitnya larva yang mati ini dikarenakan pakan HDPE tidak tertumpuk dalam wadah pemeliharaan, sehingga tidak membatasi pergerakan larva. Hal ini sesuai dengan penelitian yang menyatakan bahwa pakan yang berlebih sehingga membatasi pergerakan larva akan menurunkan tingkat survival larva, begitupun sebaliknya (Wang et al, 2014). Semakin lebar ruang bagi larva untuk bergerak makan larva akan mendapatkan ruang gerak yang lebih luas, sehingga larva dapat menghindari adanya kompetisi antar individu di dalamnya.…”

Section: Analisis Dataunclassified

Laju Degradasi Beberapa Jenis Plastik Menggunakan Ulat Hongkong (Tenebrio molitor L.) dan Ulat Jerman (Zophobas atratus F.)

Putra

MA’RUFAH

2022

Jurtekling

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Excessive consumption of plastic material causes a higher amount of plastic waste, which causes environmental pollution. This study aims to determine the degradation rate of several types of plastics using Tenebrio molitor and Zophobas atratus in the laboratory. The research was conducted from September 2020–March 2021 at the Ecology and Systematic Laboratory, Faculty of Applied Science and Technology, Ahmad Dahlan University, Yogyakarta. The study used 10 of the 6th instar caterpillars with five repetitions. The treatment was used three types of plastic samples, namely: Polypropylene (PP), High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) and Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE), each of which was given as much as 1 gram. The control treatment was given 1 gram of bran feed. Each caterpillar was measured for its body weight and length every three days and carried out for 30 days. The data results were analyzed statistically inferential at the 5% confidence level. The parameters observed were the increase in length and weight of T. molitor and Z. atratus, degradation rate, and the Waste Reduction Index (WRI). The highest average length value for larvae was T. molitor HDPE plastic (1.83 cm), and the lowest was LDPE (1.41 cm), while body weight measurements showed constant weight values (0.07 gr). Size of the length of larvae Z. atratus showed the highest average body length value for LDPE plastic (3.70 cm) and the lowest in control (3.46 cm), while the weight gain showed an average range of 0.41–0.43 grams. The counting of values of degradation rate and WRI obtained the highest to lowest results, respectively, namely, control (0.075), PP (0.011), LDPE (0.009), and HDPE (0.007) in T. molitor. While the values of degradation rate and WRI in Z. atratus were control (0.038), PP (0.032), LDPE (0.014), and HDPE (0.004). For the WRI, in T. molitor, the highest was control (2.51%), and lowest was HDPE (0.22%), while in Z. atratus, the highest was control (1.26%), and lowest was HDPE (0.12%). Keywords: Degradation, HDPE, LDPE, Tenebrio molitor, Zophobas atratus ABSTRAK Konsumsi berlebih terhadap bahan plastik mengakibatkan jumlah sampah plastik semakin tinggi sehingga menyebabkan pencemaran lingkungan. Oleh karena itu, perlu adanya sebuah upaya untuk mengurangi sampah plastik secara alami. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui laju degradasi beberapa jenis plastik menggunakan ulat hongkong (Tenebrio molitor L.) dan ulat jerman (Zophobas atratus F.) di Laboratorium. Penelitian dilaksanakan September 2020–Maret 2021 di Laboratorium Ekologi dan Sistematik, Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi Terapan, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta. Plastik yang digunakan yaitu Polypropylene (PP), High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE), dan Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) masing-masing sebanyak 1 gram. Perlakuan kontrol diberikan pakan dedak sebanyak 1 gram. Setiap ulat diukur bobot dan panjang tubuhnya setiap 3 hari sekali selama 30 hari. Hasil data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara statistik inferensial pada taraf kepercayaan 5%. Parameter yang diamati yaitu pertambahan panjang dan bobot larva, laju degradasi, dan waste reduction indeks (WRI). Nilai rerata panjang tertinggi T. molitor adalah HDPE (1,83 cm) dan terendah LDPE (1,41 cm). Pengukuran bobot tubuh menunjukkan nilai bobot yang seragam (0,07 gr). Pengukuran Z. atratus menunjukkan nilai rata-rata panjang tubuh tertinggi pada LDPE (3,70 cm) dan terendah pada HDPE (3,49 cm). Pertambahan bobot menunjukkan rata-rata berkisar antara 0,41–0,43 gram. Perhitungan nilai laju degradasi tertinggi dan terendah yaitu PP (0,011) dan HDPE (0,007) pada T. molitor. Perhitungan nilai laju degradasi tertinggi dan terendah pada Z. atratus adalah PP (0,032) dan HDPE (0,004). Nilai WRI tertinggi dan terendah pada T. molitor yaitu PP (0,36%) dan HDPE (0,22%), sedangkan pada Z. atratus yaitu pakan PP (1,08%) dan HDPE (0,12%). Kata kunci: Degradasi, HDPE, LDPE, Tenebrio molitor, Zophobas atratus

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“…For instance, silkworms ( Bombyx mori ) treated with antibiotics have been found to grow to larger sizes and have heavier cocoons than untreated ones [ 4 ]. More recently, antibiotics were shown to promote the growth of several different insect species [ 7 ]. Thus, the growth-promoting effect of antibiotics seems to be common and not limited to vertebrates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotics accelerate growth at the expense of immunity

2021

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Antibiotics have long been used in the raising of animals for agricultural, industrial or laboratory use. The use of subtherapeutic doses in diets of terrestrial and aquatic animals to promote growth is common and highly debated. Despite their vast application in animal husbandry, knowledge about the mechanisms behind growth promotion is minimal, particularly at the molecular level. Evidence from evolutionary research shows that immunocompetence is resource-limited, and hence expected to trade off with other resource-demanding processes, such as growth. Here, we ask if accelerated growth caused by antibiotics can be explained by genome-wide trade-offs between growth and costly immunocompetence. We explored this idea by injecting broad-spectrum antibiotics into wood tiger moth ( Arctia plantaginis ) larvae during development. We follow several life-history traits and analyse gene expression (RNA-seq) and bacterial (r16S) profiles. Moths treated with antibiotics show a substantial depletion of bacterial taxa, faster growth rate, a significant downregulation of genes involved in immunity and significant upregulation of growth-related genes. These results suggest that the presence of antibiotics may aid in up-keeping the immune system. Hence, by reducing the resource load of this costly process, bodily resources may be reallocated to other key processes such as growth.

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Effects of Dietary Additives in Artificial Diets on Survival And Larval Development ofCnaphalocrocis medinalis(Lepidoptera: Crambidae)

Abstract: BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access titles in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses.

Cited by 9 publications

References 11 publications

Selection and Suitability of an Artificial Diet forTuta absoluta(Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) Based on Physical and Chemical Characteristics

Selection and Suitability of an Artificial Diet forTuta absoluta(Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) Based on Physical and Chemical Characteristics

Laju Degradasi Beberapa Jenis Plastik Menggunakan Ulat Hongkong (Tenebrio molitor L.) dan Ulat Jerman (Zophobas atratus F.)

Antibiotics accelerate growth at the expense of immunity

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