Effects of diet and larval trematode parasitism on lutein and β-carotene concentrations in planorbid snails as determined by quantitative high performance reversed phase thin layer chromatography

Effects of Schistosoma mansoni infection on lutein and β-carotene concentrations in Biomphalaria glabrata snails as determined by quantitative high performance reversed phase thin-layer chromatography

“…Our present S. mansoni study showed no significant differences in the lutein content of uninfected versus infected B. glabrata snails, a finding similar to that of Evans et al (2004) for B. glabrata infected with E. caproni. However, we did note insignificant decreases in the lutein content in both the whole body and DGG of our infected versus uninfected snails.…”

“…About 45 ml of the mobile phase was needed for each development, and the development time was approximately 15 min. After development, the plates were air dried for 5 min, and the pigments were visualized as yellow bands on a white background (Evans et al 2004).…”

“…The Marsit et al (2000) study showed that certain larval trematode infections altered carotenoid fractions of the snail host and had different effects on lutein and β-carotene concentrations within the snails. Evans et al (2004) also used C-18 HPTLC-densitometry to study lipophilic pigments in two planorbid snails infected with echinostomatid trematodes. One study examined these *Corresponding author: friedb@lafayette.edu Nicole Dieterich et al 260 pigments in H. trivolvis naturally infected with E. trivolvis and the second study looked at B. glabrata experimentally infected with E. caproni.…”

Studies of echinostomes using chromatography and atomic spectrometry.

“…Polar lipids were detected as gray zones on a white background by spraying with 10%, w/v, aqueous cupric sulfate and heating for 10 min at 140°C (Bandstra et al 2006) or as brown-black zones on a white background by spraying with a 10% solution of cupric sulfate in 8% phosphoric acid and heating at 140°C for 15 min ) . Lutein and beta-carotene appeared as natural yellow zones in daylight (Evans et al 2004) . Sugars were detected as dark purple zones against a light yellow background by spraying with alpha-naphthol-sulfuric acid reagent and heating at 110°C for 5 min (Wagner et al 2001) , and amino acids as purple to blue zones on a pale background by spraying with ninhydrin reagent and heating for 10 min at 110°C (Ponder et al 2003a, b) .…”

“…The extract is evaporated to dryness under nitrogen flow, and the residue is dissolved in an appropriate volume of extractant for TLC analysis. Prior to TLC determination, extraction was performed using acetone in a glass homogenizer for the pigments lutein and beta-carotene from whole bodies or DGGs of B. glabrata infected with E. caproni and Helisoma trivolvis infected with E. trivolvis (Evans et al 2004) ; by vortexing with 70% aqueous ethanol for free pool amino acids in rediae, cercariae, encysted and excysted metacercariae of E. caproni (Ponder et al 2003a, b) ; and by homogenization in a vial for sugars in B. glabrata infected with E. caproni (Wagner et al 2001) .…”