“…It is well-established that agonists at the benzodiazepine site, of these receptor notably benzodiazepines, have anxiolytic and amnesic properties whereas β-carboline alkaloids as benzodiazepine receptor inverse agonist exert anxiogenic and learning-enhancing actions by antagonizing the action of benzodiazepines on GABA-A receptors [1][2][3][4][5]. A number of β-carboline alkaloids such as harmane (1-methyl-9H-pyrido- [3,4-b]indole) (HA) 1-methyl-β-carboline), harmaline (1-methyl-7-methoxy-3, 4-dihydro-β-carboline) and NO (9H-pyrido [3,4-b] indole), exist naturally in plant derived food products (wheat, rice, corn, barley, soybeans, rye, grapes, mushrooms, and vinegar), plant derived beverages (wine, beer, whisky, brandy, and sake), and plant derived inhaled substances (tobacco) [6].…”