Effects of Diazepam and Buspirone on Reaction Time of Saccadic Eye Movements

Abstract

Effects of the anxiolytic drugs diazepam and buspirone were studied on the reaction time of saccadic eye movements. The study was performed with 8 healthy volunteers in a double-blind, placebo-controlled way. The purpose was to investigate the putative drug effects on the first step of an attention shifting task: the disengagement of attention. Saccadic reaction time was measured in two conditions: the ‘gap’ and the ‘overlap’ condition. In the first condition a delay is present between the offset of a fixation spot and the onset of a target, while in the second condition the offset of the spot is overlapped by the onset of the target. Clear differences in saccadic reaction time in the expected direction were found between the two conditions, with longer reaction times of saccadic eye movements in the overlap condition. The nonsedative anxiolytic buspirone in a dose of 5 mg had no significant effects on saccadic reaction times, while clear effects of diazepam in a dose of 5 mg were established. Diazepam slowed down saccadic reaction times, reduced the number of fast sac-cades and facilitated the number of slow saccades. However, the effects induced by this drug were identical for the two conditions. The latter result implies that the disengagement of attention is not selectively disrupted by diazepam. Perhaps, the action of diazepam is expressed in other attention factors, such as in shifting attention or in the reengagement of attention. A slowing down of these processes by the vigilance-lowering properties of diazepam might be the cause of the prolonged latencies. The increased latencies of saccadic eye movements induced by a low dose of diazepam may have practical implications.

Biomarkers for the effects of benzodiazepines in healthy volunteers

“…The literature search yielded 56 different studies using 16 different benzodiazepines, published since 1966 [14–67]. There were 173 different tests used, on average 3.1 tests per study.…”

Saccadic Eye Movements in Depressed Elderly Patients

“…Various studies have shown that drugs can affect eye movements [75]. Fafrowicz et al [76] have highlighted an increase in saccadic RT in healthy volunteers treated by anxiolytic drugs. Green et al [77] have also demonstrated an increase in antisaccade errors in schizophrenic patients treated by benzodiazepine.…”

Pharmacological treatment effects on eye movement control

“…In a double-blind placebo-controlled design, the effects of the benzodiazepine diazepam and the 5-HT 1A partial agonist buspirone were investigated using a prosaccade task with a fixation point gap overlap manipulation (see glossary) (Fafrowicz et al, 1995). Both drugs are used to treat anxiety disorders, but buspirone which also has mixed agonist/antagonist effects on postsynaptic dopamine receptors and no apparent GABA-ergic effects, is much less sedating.…”

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