Effects of diacylglycerols on conformation of phosphatidylcholine headgroups in phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylserine bilayers

Goldberg, Edward M.; Lester, David S.; Borchardt, Dan; Zidovetzki, Raphael

doi:10.1016/s0006-3495(95)79970-2

Cited by 21 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…We observed that DiC8 followed the pattern of SAG to activate the different PKC isoforms. Our observations agree well with the findings of Goldberg et al (34,35), who have shown that DiC8 and SAG acts similarly on activation of PKC.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Implication of acyl chain of diacylglycerols in activation of different isoforms of protein kinase C

et al. 2001

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We synthesized diacylglycerols (DAGs) containing omega-6 or omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids [i.e., 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol (SAG), 1-stearoyl-2-docosahexaenoyl-sn-glycerol (SDG), and 1-stearoyl-2-eicosapentaenoyl-sn-glycerol (SEG)] and assessed their efficiency on activation of conventional (alpha, beta I, gamma) and novel (epsilon, delta) protein kinase C (PKC). SAG exerted significantly higher stimulatory effects than SDG and SEG on activation of PKC alpha and PKC delta. Activation of PKC beta I by SEG and SDG was higher than that by SAG. Activation of PKC gamma did not differ significantly among DAG molecular species. Addition of SAG to assays containing SEG and SDG exerted additive effects on activation of alpha and epsilon, but not on beta I and gamma, isoforms of PKC. SDG- and SEG-induced activation of PKC delta was significantly curtailed by the addition of SAG. Three DAG species significantly curtailed the PMA-induced activation of beta Iota, gamma, and delta, but not of alpha and epsilon, isoforms of PKC. Our study demonstrates for the first time that in vitro activation of different PKC isoenzymes vary in response to different DAG species, and one can envisage that this differential regulation may be responsible for their in vivo effects on target organs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Implication of acyl chain of diacylglycerols in activation of different isoforms of protein kinase C

et al. 2001

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“…Remarkably, the lattice parameter of the Fd3m phase is practically independent of pressure. These results show that these two lipids are miscible at low pressure, 35 adopting a single lyotropic phase (Fd3m); they then become immiscible above a critical pressure, phase separating into DOPC-rich and DOG-rich phases. …”

mentioning

confidence: 81%

Hydrostatic pressure effects on a hydrated lipid inverse micellar Fd3m cubic phase

Tyler

Shearman

Brooks

et al. 2011

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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Graphical contents entry. The effect of hydrostatic pressure on an inverse micelllar Fd3m cubic phase is studied by small-angle 20 synchrotron diffraction.Over a range of hydration, unsaturated diacylglycerol / phosphatidylcholine mixtures adopt an inverse micellar cubic phase, of crystallographic space group Fd3m. In this study hydrated DOPC: 25 DOG mixtures with a molar ratio close to 1:2 were examined as a function of hydrostatic pressure, using synchrotron x-ray diffraction. The small-angle diffraction pattern at atmospheric pressure was used to calculate 2-D sections through the electron density map. Pressure initially has very little effect on the structure of the Fd3m cubic phase, in contrast to its effect on hydrated inverse bicontinuous cubic phases. At close to 2 kbar, a sharp transition occurs from the Fd3m phase to a 30 pair of coexisting phases, an inverse hexagonal H II phase plus an (ordered) lamellar phase. Upon increasing the pressure to 3 kbar, a further sharp transition occurs from the H II phase to a (fluid) lamellar phase, in coexistence with the ordered lamellar phase. These transitions are fully reversible, but show hysteresis. Remarkably, the lattice parameter of the Fd3m phase is practically independent of pressure. These results show that these two lipids are miscible at low pressure, 35 adopting a single lyotropic phase (Fd3m); they then become immiscible above a critical pressure, phase separating into DOPC-rich and DOG-rich phases.

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“…A number of studies indicated that DAG increases the spacing between phospholipid headgroups in lipid membranes due to the interposition of DAG small headgroups [17,21,22]. Moreover, it has been suggested that increasing the spacing between phospholipid headgroups directly contributes to the increase of PKC activity [15,[21][22][23]. It has been found that the degree of unsaturation and the length of fatty acid chains in DAG can affect its ability to activate PKC protein [17,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, it has been suggested that increasing the spacing between phospholipid headgroups directly contributes to the increase of PKC activity [15,[21][22][23]. It has been found that the degree of unsaturation and the length of fatty acid chains in DAG can affect its ability to activate PKC protein [17,23]. Torrecillas et al found that DAG with one unsaturated chain (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alteration of lipid membrane structure and dynamics by diacylglycerols with unsaturated chains

Alwarawrah¹,

Hussain²,

Huang³

2016

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes

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Diacylglycerols (DAGs) with unsaturated acyl chains play many important roles in biomembranes, such as a second messenger and activator for protein kinase C. In this study, three DAGs of distinctly different chain unsaturations (i.e. di16:0DAG (DPG), 16:0-18:1DAG (POG), and di18:1DAG (DOG)) are studied using atomistic MD simulation to compare their roles in the structure and dynamics of 16:0-18:1phosphatidylcholine (POPC) membranes. All three DAGs are able to produce the so-called 'condensing effect' in POPC membranes: decreasing area-per-lipid, and increasing acyl chain order and bilayer thickness. Our visual and quantitative analyses clearly show that DAG with unsaturated chains induce larger spacing between POPC headgroups, compared with DAG with saturated chains; this particular effect has long been hypothesized to be crucial for activating enzymes and receptors in cell membranes. DAGs with unsaturated chains are also located closer to the bilayer/aqueous interface than DPG and are more effective in slowing down lateral diffusion of molecules. We show that DAG molecules seek the "umbrella coverage" from neighboring phospholipid headgroups - similar to cholesterol. Unlike cholesterol, DAGs also hide their chains from water by laterally inserting their chains into the surrounding. Thus, acyl chains of DAG are more spread and disordered than those of PC due to the insertion. By calculating the potential of mean force (PMF) for POPC in POPC/DAG bilayers, we found that all three DAGs can significantly increase the free energy barrier for POPC to flip-flop, but only DAGs with unsaturated chains can additionally increase the free energy of POPC desorption.

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Effects of diacylglycerols on conformation of phosphatidylcholine headgroups in phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylserine bilayers

Cited by 21 publications

References 85 publications

Implication of acyl chain of diacylglycerols in activation of different isoforms of protein kinase C

Implication of acyl chain of diacylglycerols in activation of different isoforms of protein kinase C

Hydrostatic pressure effects on a hydrated lipid inverse micellar Fd3m cubic phase

Alteration of lipid membrane structure and dynamics by diacylglycerols with unsaturated chains

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