Effects of diabetes mellitus on salivary secretion and its composition in the human

Abstract

This study investigated the effects of diabetes mellitus (types I and II) on human salivary gland function compared to healthy age-matched controls. The results have shown that both type I and type II diabetic patients secrete significantly (p < 0.05) less resting and stimulated saliva compared to healthy age-matched controls (AMC). It was also found that the diabetic patients have an increased resting and stimulated salivary protein concentration compared to healthy participants. However, the secretory capacity (stimulated minus resting values) was markedly reduced compared to controls. The level of calcium (Ca2+) in the saliva of diabetic patients was significantly (p < 0.05) elevated compared to the AMC. In contrast, the levels of magnesium (Mg2+), zinc (Zn2+) and potassium (K+) in the saliva of diabetic patients were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced compared to the values obtained in AMC. These results indicate that diabetes mellitus can lead to marked dysfunction of the secretory capacity of the salivary glands. In these patients a modified fluid, organic and inorganic salivary secretion may be responsible for the increased susceptibility to oral infections and impaired wound healing described by others in the literature.

Impact of Hyperglycemia on Xerostomia and Salivary Composition and Flow Rate of Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

“…Salivary calcium concentration has a fundamental role in maintaining tooth integrity though the modulation of remineralization and demineralization (Humphrey & Williamson, 2001). In the present study, hyperglycemia was associated to an increase in salivary concentration of calcium (Table 2), and calcium salivary concentration in DM1 group was significantly higher compared with that of control group, in consonance with a previous study (Mata et al, 2004).…”

“…The increased concentrations of glucose in the saliva of adolescents with DM1 may be important for controlling and monitoring the disease. It may possibly be related to blood glucose (Belazi et al, 1998;Iughetti et al, 1999;Mata et al, 2004). There were no significant differences for urea salivary concentrations between adolescents with DM1 (DM1 group) and without DM1 (control group), which is in accordance with a previous study (Meurman et al, 1998) and contradicts others (López et al, 2003;Carda et al, 2006).…”

“…Moreover, amylase salivary concentration in adolescents with DM1 did not show significant differences compared with controls. Previous studies (Twetman et al, 2002;Mata et al, 2004;Carda et al, 2006;Moreira et al, 2009) have shown significant differences in total proteins salivary concentrations between subjects with and without DM1. Others studies are needed to further investigate the association of hypoglycemia with total proteins salivary concentrations in adolescents with DM1.…”

ORIGINAL ARTICLE Doppler ultrasonographic assessment of major salivary glands in Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in correlation with salivary quantity and serum magnesium levels – A cross-sectional study

“…Mata et al [18] (2004) have investigated specifically the effect of perturbation of extracellular Magnesium (Mg) on both basal and secretogogue-evoked amylase secretion and total protein output and intracellular free calcium concentrations (Ca) in salivary glands. It was concluded that there were decreased levels of Mg in Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients which interfere with the Ca exit from the extracellular side.…”

Diabète de type I chez l’enfant : gestion clinique des pathologies bucco-dentaires

“…Siudikiene et al [23] ont également trouvé un débit salivaire diminué après stimulation chez des patients diabétiques se plaignant de sécheresse buccale. Karjalainen et al [15] et Mata et al [17] considèrent que la valeur réduite du débit salivaire au repos peut être utile pour identifier les patients diabétiques. Alves et al [3] ne trouvent aucune différence entre enfants diabétiques et non diabétiques et, dans l'ensemble, la préva-lence du bossage est plus faible, de l'ordre de 50 %.…”