Effects of Dental Bleaching Agents on the Surface Roughness of Dental Restoration Materials

Abstract

Background and Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the surface roughness evolution of several finished and polished composites when bleaching materials are applied. The research was conducted on four microhybrid or nanofilled composites that are used in dental restorations. Materials and Methods: For each composite type, 5 samples were selected for control, 5 samples were subjected to the bleaching protocol “office bleach” with 40% hydrogen peroxide, and 5 other samples were subjected to the “home bleach” protocol with 16% carbamide peroxide, resulting in a total number of 60 samples. The surfaces of all the samples were tested for roughness, and the values of the most relevant parameter (Ra), were collected. Comparisons between composites and samples were performed using one-way ANOVA (in Statistical Package for Social Sciences). Results: After the bleaching protocol with 40% hydrogen peroxide gel, it was found that the roughness of the group increased considerably compared to the control group, so the highest roughness was found at GC Gradia direct anterior group, and the lowest value was registered for the 3M ESPE Valux Plus group. Following the bleaching protocol with 16% carbamide peroxide (home bleach), it was noted that the sample surfaces were not as affected. In this case, the lowest roughness was found at 3M ESPE Valux Plus group, and the highest roughness was registered for the GC G-aenial anterior group. Following the interpretation of the results, all four types of dental composites tested showed significant surface roughness differences between the groups subjected to bleaching protocols and those kept as control (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The surfaces of the samples were affected by the bleaching protocols by increasing the roughness compared to the control samples.

Effect of Bleaching Agents on Composite Resins with and without Bis-GMA: An In Vitro Study

“…According to the literature, the surface of the resin with Bis-GMA has a more regular surface with lower roughness than the resin without Bis-GMA, and the roughness increases with the use of bleaching agents [ 28 , 29 ]. In the present study, in both composites, the surface of the samples exhibited a greater roughness with 45% CP treatment, coinciding with other published studies [ 30 ]. High energy free radicals from bleaching agents can easily affect the organic matrix of the composite, softening the material and disrupting the resin-filler interface.…”

Effect of Bleaching Agents on Composite Resins With and Without BIS-GMA.

“…According to the literature, the surface of the resin with bis-GMA has a more regular surface with lower roughness than the resin without bis-GMA, and the roughness increases with the use of bleaching agents [28] [29]. In the present study, in both composites, the surface of the samples exhibited a greater roughness with 45% CP treatment, coinciding with other published studies [30]. High energy free radicals from bleaching agents can easily affect the organic matrix of the composite, softening the material and disrupting the resin-ller interface.…”

Nanoflower hydroxyapatite's effect on the properties of resin‐based dental composite

“…Surface roughness is of paramount importance in restorative dentistry as it can lead to plaque formation, discoloration, and mechanical wear of composite materials 106 . The quality of a surface can be assessed by quantifying its roughness, which highlights the fissures, streaks, or traces generated during a specific working or finishing/polishing process 107 . Ra value in surface roughness determines the vertical deviations from the initial sample.…”

“…106 The quality of a surface can be assessed by quantifying its roughness, which highlights the fissures, streaks, or traces generated during a specific working or finishing/polishing process. 107 Ra value in surface roughness determines the vertical deviations from the initial sample. Rz refers the average roughness of the surface.…”