Effects of Demographic Characteristics, Health-Related Behaviors and Lifestyle Factors on the Prevalence of Hypertension for the Middle-Aged and Elderly in the Guangxi Hei Yi Zhuang and Han Populations

Abstract

Background/Aims: Hei Yi (meaning black worship and black dress) Zhuang is the most conservative group among the 43 ethnic subgroups of Zhuang in China due to its unique culture and customs. The prevalence of hypertension in this population has not been well defined. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to compare the effects of the demographic characteristics, health-related behaviors and lifestyle factors on the prevalence of hypertension in the middle-aged and elderly of the Guangxi Hei Yi Zhuang and Han populations. Methods:A total of 657 people of Hei Yi Zhuang aged 40 and over were randomly selected from 7 villages in Napo County of China. Information on the demographic characteristics, health-related behaviors and lifestyle factors was collected by questionnaire. Blood pressure, height, weight, waist circumference, serum lipid and apolipoprotein levels were measured, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated as a measure of weight relative to height. The results were compared with those of 520 Han who live in the same district. Results: The prevalence of hypertension and isolated systolic hypertension in Hei Yi Zhuang was significantly higher than in Han (32.9 vs. 24.6%, p < 0.01, and 16.7 vs. 5.2%, p < 0.001, respectively). The systolic blood pressure levels and pulse pressure in Hei Yi Zhuang were also significantly higher than in Han (129 ± 20.1 vs. 125.8 ± 17.4 mm Hg, p < 0.01, and 51.5 ± 16.1 vs. 47.1 ± 12.0 mm Hg, p < 0.01, respectively). The prevalence of hypertension was positively correlated with triglycerides, male, age, and alcohol consumption in Hei Yi Zhuang, whereas it was positively correlated with total cholesterol, male, age, alcohol consumption and BMI in Han. The rates of awareness, treatment and control in Hei Yi Zhuang and Han are 7.9 vs. 19.5%, 4.2 vs. 13.3% and 1.4 vs. 9.4% (p < 0.01 for all), respectively. Conclusion: The current study reveals a significant difference in the prevalence of hypertension, blood pressure levels, and the relative factors between the Hei Yi Zhuang and Han ethnic groups, which may have been due to differences in geographical characteristics, lifestyle, sodium intake, education levels, and even genetic factors.

Diet, Lifestyle, and Blood Pressure of the Middle-aged and Elderly in the Guangxi Bai Ku Yao and Han Populations

“…Hypertension was defined as an average SBP of ≥140 mm Hg and/or an average DBP of ≥90 mm Hg, and/or self-reported pharmacological treatment for hypertension within the 2 weeks before the interview. 18,19 The normal values of serum total cholesterol, TG, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein B in our Clinical Science Experiment Center were 3.10-5.17, 0.56-1.70, 2.70-3.20 mmol/l, and 0.63-1.14 g/l, respectively. 17 Normal weight, overweight and obesity were defined as a BMI <24, 24-28, and >28 kg/m 2 , respectively.…”

“…17 Normal weight, overweight and obesity were defined as a BMI <24, 24-28, and >28 kg/m 2 , respectively. [17][18][19] Statistical analysis. The measurement data are presented as mean ± s.d.…”

Cholesteryl ester transfer protein Taq IB polymorphism and its association with serum lipid levels and longevity in Chinese Bama Zhuang population

“…Systolic blood pressure was determined by the first Korotkoff sound; and diastolic blood pressure, by the fifth Korotkoff sound. Hypertension was defined as an average systolic blood pressure of 140 mmHg or greater and an average diastolic blood pressure of 90 mmHg or greater, and/or self-reported pharmacological treatment for hypertension within the 2 weeks prior to the interview [30]. Normal weight, overweight, and obesity were defined as BMI < 24, 24 to 28, and > 28 kg/m 2 , respectively [31].…”

Hypertension and associated factors in older adults in South Africa : cardiovascular topics

“…In Costa Rica, 65% were hypertensive,7 and 42.4% of women in Accra, Ghana had hypertension 8. In Brazil, self-reported hypertension was 55%,9 in rural China it was 57–64.9%,10 and in another study in China it was 24.2–43.8% 11. In Turkey 71.2–82.2% of subjects had hypertension,12 and in Taiwan 31.1–38.0% 13…”