Effects of delta8 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) on avoidance extinction in rats

Morin, Maria M.; Baum, Morrie

doi:10.3758/bf03330161

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Evaluating the effects of ∆ 8 -THC on pigeons suggested a dose-dependent effect of ∆ 8 -THC on pigeons trained with ∆ 9 -THC, thus mirroring similar findings reported in rats [118]. Utilizing the fixed behavioral test-resistance to the extinction of avoidance responses in rats, pure ∆ 8 -THC led to the quickest cessation of avoidance [86]. Examining different behavioral symptoms, ∆ 8 -THC exhibits activity in humans similar to ∆ 9 -THC.…”

Section: Cognitive Functionssupporting

confidence: 73%

“…On the other hand, when partially deteriorated ∆ 8 -THC was employed, it did not have a significant impact on avoidance extinction. However, it is important to note that this observation could be influenced by factors like tolerance and the possibility of withdrawal symptoms arising [86]. Inside the human body, ∆ 8 -THC was rapidly and extensively metabolized by the liver into the l1-hydroxy metabolite, shedding light on the assumption that the active form of ∆ 8 -THC may be the 11-hydroxy metabolites [87].…”

Section: Stability Of ∆ 8 -Thc and Its Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemistry and Pharmacology of Delta-8-Tetrahydrocannabinol

Abdel-Kader,

Radwan,

Metwaly

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Cannabis sativa is one of the oldest plants utilized by humans for both economic and medical purposes. Although the use of cannabis started millennia ago in the Eastern part of the hemisphere, its use has moved and flourished in the Western Nations in more recent centuries. C. sativa is the source of psychoactive cannabinoids that are consumed as recreational drugs worldwide. The C21 aromatic hydrocarbons are restricted in their natural occurrence to cannabis (with a few exceptions). Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) is the main psychoactive component in cannabis with many pharmacological effects and various approved medical applications. However, a wide range of side effects are associated with the use of Δ9-THC, limiting its medical use. In 1966, another psychoactive cannabinoid, Delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ8-THC) was isolated from marijuana grown in Maryland but in very low yield. Δ8-THC is gaining increased popularity due to its better stability and easier synthetic manufacturing procedures compared to Δ9-THC. Passing the U.S. Farm Bill in 2018 led to an increase in the sale of Δ8-THC in the United States. The marketed products contain Δ8-THC from synthetic sources. In this review, methods of extraction, purification, and structure elucidation of Δ8-THC will be presented. The issue of whether Δ8-THC is a natural compound or an artifact will be discussed, and the different strategies for its chemical synthesis will be presented. Δ8-THC of synthetic origin is expected to contain some impurities due to residual amounts of starting materials and reagents as well as side products of the reactions. The various methods of analysis and detection of impurities present in the marketed products will be discussed. The pharmacological effects of Δ8-THC, including its interaction with CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors in comparison with Δ9-THC, will be reviewed.

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Section: Cognitive Functionssupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Stability Of ∆ 8 -Thc and Its Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemistry and Pharmacology of Delta-8-Tetrahydrocannabinol

Abdel-Kader,

Radwan,

Metwaly

et al. 2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…On the other hand, when partially deteriorated Δ 8 -THC was employed, it did not have a significant impact on avoidance extinction. However, it is important to note that this observation could be influenced by factors like tolerance and the possibility of withdrawal symptoms arising [ 86 ]. Inside the human body, Δ 8 -THC was rapidly and extensively metabolized by the liver into the l1-hydroxy metabolite, shedding light on the assumption that the active form of Δ 8 -THC may be the 11-hydroxy metabolites [ 87 ].…”

Section: Analysis Of δ 8 -Thcmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Evaluating the effects of Δ 8 -THC on pigeons suggested a dose-dependent effect of Δ 8 -THC on pigeons trained with Δ 9 -THC, thus mirroring similar findings reported in rats [ 118 ]. Utilizing the fixed behavioral test-resistance to the extinction of avoidance responses in rats, pure Δ 8 -THC led to the quickest cessation of avoidance [ 86 ]. Examining different behavioral symptoms, Δ 8 -THC exhibits activity in humans similar to Δ 9 -THC.…”

Section: Pharmacology Of δ 8 -Thcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemistry and Pharmacology of Delta-8-Tetrahydrocannabinol

Abdel-Kader,

Radwan,

Metwaly

et al. 2024

Molecules

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Cannabis sativa is one of the oldest plants utilized by humans for both economic and medical purposes. Although the use of cannabis started millennia ago in the Eastern hemisphere, its use has moved and flourished in the Western nations in more recent centuries. C. sativa is the source of psychoactive cannabinoids that are consumed as recreational drugs worldwide. The C21 aromatic hydrocarbons are restricted in their natural occurrence to cannabis (with a few exceptions). Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) is the main psychoactive component in cannabis, with many pharmacological effects and various approved medical applications. However, a wide range of side effects are associated with the use of Δ9-THC, limiting its medical use. In 1966, another psychoactive cannabinoid, Delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ8-THC) was isolated from marijuana grown in Maryland but in very low yield. Δ8-THC is gaining increased popularity due to its better stability and easier synthetic manufacturing procedures compared to Δ9-THC. The passing of the U.S. Farm Bill in 2018 led to an increase in the sale of Δ8-THC in the United States. The marketed products contain Δ8-THC from synthetic sources. In this review, methods of extraction, purification, and structure elucidation of Δ8-THC will be presented. The issue of whether Δ8-THC is a natural compound or an artifact will be discussed, and the different strategies for its chemical synthesis will be presented. Δ8-THC of synthetic origin is expected to contain some impurities due to residual amounts of starting materials and reagents, as well as side products of the reactions. The various methods of analysis and detection of impurities present in the marketed products will be discussed. The pharmacological effects of Δ8-THC, including its interaction with CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors in comparison with Δ9-THC, will be reviewed.

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Delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol: a phytocannabinoid on the rise

Ledvina,

Suelzer,

El-Alfy

2023

RPS Pharmacy and Pharmacology Reports

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Objective Delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is a minor psychoactive phytocannabinoid, similar to delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol. Recent statements released by the FDA and CDC reported around 660 delta-8-THC exposure cases. With the rise in commercially available products, it is crucial to understand the pharmacological and toxicological properties of this compound. The objective of this review is to summarize current literature regarding the pharmacokinetic, and pharmacologic properties of delta-8-THC. Methodology Searches were performed in MEDLINE (Ovid), Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL). The searches used database-specific advanced search techniques. Key findings A total of 772 references were retrieved, with 517 references identified after removal of duplicate articles. The references were imported into Rayyan (Rayyan.ai), and the retrieved articles (100) were reviewed and summarized. The scoping review is divided into sections focusing on the pharmacokinetic (12) and pharmacologic (88) properties of delta-8-THC. The majority of pharmacological studies examined the central nervous system effects of delta-8-THC. The findings suggest that it exhibits distinct pharmacological effects, and while its psychoactive profile may be milder comparted to delta-9-THC, caution should still be exercised when considering its use. Pharmacologic effects often expressed a dose-dependent relationship with the potential for tolerance development. Conclusions In conclusion, this review provides a comprehensive examination of the current state of knowledge of delta-8-THC. Moreover, the review highlights several gaps in the existing literature, emphasizing the need for further research to fully elucidate the mechanisms of action, long-term effects, and potential interactions with other drugs.

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Effects of delta8 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) on avoidance extinction in rats

Cited by 3 publications

References 12 publications

Chemistry and Pharmacology of Delta-8-Tetrahydrocannabinol

Chemistry and Pharmacology of Delta-8-Tetrahydrocannabinol

Chemistry and Pharmacology of Delta-8-Tetrahydrocannabinol

Delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol: a phytocannabinoid on the rise

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