Effects of ddC and AZT on Locomotion and Acoustic Startle I: Acute Effects in Female Rats1

De, M. L.; Hd, Davis; Ej, Popke; Kj, Brown; Va, O'Donoghue; Ne, Grunberg

doi:10.1016/s0091-3057(96)00214-6

Cited by 15 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…OFL test was performed at 3 days prior to injury (baseline; day −3) and days 1, 14, and 30 post injury. Data collected included horizontal activity for general health and gross motor skills; center time as an index of anxiety-related behavior (where less time spent in the center of the cage is interpreted as more anxiety-related behavior); and vertical activity as an index of depression-related behavior (where less vertical activity may indicate less escape behavior which is interpreted as more depression-related behavior) [33] – [37] . Locomotor activity was measured using an Omnitech Electronics Digiscan infrared photocell system [Test box model RXYZCM (16 TAO); Omnitech Electronics, Columbus, OH] as described before [38] .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Serum MicroRNA Signatures for Diagnosis of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in a Closed Head Injury Model

et al. 2014

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Wars in Iraq and Afghanistan have highlighted the problems of diagnosis and treatment of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). MTBI is a heterogeneous injury that may lead to the development of neurological and behavioral disorders. In the absence of specific diagnostic markers, mTBI is often unnoticed or misdiagnosed. In this study, mice were induced with increasing levels of mTBI and microRNA (miRNA) changes in the serum were determined. MTBI was induced by varying weight and fall height of the impactor rod resulting in four different severity grades of the mTBI. Injuries were characterized as mild by assessing with the neurobehavioral severity scale-revised (NSS-R) at day 1 post injury. Open field locomotion and acoustic startle response showed behavioral and sensory motor deficits in 3 of the 4 injury groups at day 1 post injury. All of the animals recovered after day 1 with no significant neurobehavioral alteration by day 30 post injury. Serum microRNA (miRNA) profiles clearly differentiated injured from uninjured animals. Overall, the number of miRNAs that were significantly modulated in injured animals over the sham controls increased with the severity of the injury. Thirteen miRNAs were found to identify mTBI regardless of its severity within the mild spectrum of injury. Bioinformatics analyses revealed that the more severe brain injuries were associated with a greater number of miRNAs involved in brain related functions. The evaluation of serum miRNA may help to identify the severity of brain injury and the risk of developing adverse effects after TBI.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Serum MicroRNA Signatures for Diagnosis of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in a Closed Head Injury Model

et al. 2014

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“…OFA measures naturally occurring behaviors that are exhibited when an animal explores and interacts with its surroundings. These measures provide data about gross motor movement and specific movements related to psychological conditions (e.g., anxiety-like and depressive-like behaviors [15]. In this experiment, two variables were identified from the animal's movement within the chambers: horizontal activity (HA, an index of general health and gross motor movement) and vertical activity (VA, less VA is considered to be less escape and more depressive-like behavior).…”

Section: Open Field Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Pyruvate Administration on Mitochondrial Enzymes, Neurological Behaviors, and Neurodegeneration after Traumatic Brain Injury

Ariyannur¹,

Xing²,

Barry³

et al. 2021

Aging and disease

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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is known to increase the susceptibility to various age-related neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Although the role of damaged mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) in the progression of AD and PD has been identified, its relationship with altered expression of neurodegenerative proteins has not been examined before. This study aimed to investigate 1) how TBI could affect mitochondrial ETC and neurodegeneration in rat brain regions related to behavioral alteration, and 2) if administration of the key mitochondrial substrate pyruvate can improve the outcome of mild TBI (mTBI). In a rat lateral fluid percussion injury model of mTBI, sodium pyruvate in sterile distilled water (1 g/kg body weight) was administered orally daily for 7 days. The protein expression of mitochondrial ETC enzymes, and neurodegeneration proteins in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex and was assessed on Day 7. The hippocampal and cortical expressions of ETC complex I, III, IV, V were significantly and variably impaired following mTBI. Pyruvate treatment altered ETC complex expression, reduced the nitrosyl stress and the MBP expression in the injured brain area, but increased the expression of the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and Tau proteins. Pyruvate after mTBI augmented the Rotarod performance but decreased the horizontal and vertical open field locomotion activities and worsened neurobehavioural severity score, indicating a debilitating therapeutic effect on the acute phase of mTBI. These results suggest bidirectional neuroprotective and neurodegenerative modulating effects of pyruvate on TBI-induced alteration in mitochondrial activity and motor behavior. Pyruvate could potentially stimulate the proliferation of astrogliosis, and lactate acidosis, and caution should be exercised when used as a therapy in the acute phase of mTBI. More effective interventions targeted at multiple mechanisms are needed for the prevention and treatment of TBI-induced long-term neurodegeneration.

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Perinatal AZT exposure alters the acoustic and tactile startle response to 8-OH-DPAT and apomorphine in adult rats

Melnick

Weedon

Dow-Edwards

2005

Neurotoxicology and Teratology

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Effects of ddC and AZT on Locomotion and Acoustic Startle I: Acute Effects in Female Rats1

Cited by 15 publications

References 26 publications

Identification of Serum MicroRNA Signatures for Diagnosis of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in a Closed Head Injury Model

Identification of Serum MicroRNA Signatures for Diagnosis of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in a Closed Head Injury Model

Effects of Pyruvate Administration on Mitochondrial Enzymes, Neurological Behaviors, and Neurodegeneration after Traumatic Brain Injury

Perinatal AZT exposure alters the acoustic and tactile startle response to 8-OH-DPAT and apomorphine in adult rats

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