Effects of Day Length and Density on Development and Wing Form of the Small Brown Planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus(Hemiptera:Delphacidae)

Mori, Kiyoko; Nakasuji, Fusao

doi:10.1303/aez.26.557

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Density‐dependent phenotypic plasticity, wherein different phenotypes are produced depending on the density experienced, has been documented in many animals including nematodes (Ogawa et al., 2009), amphibians (Bohenek & Resetarits, 2018; Collins & Cheek, 1983), fishes (Frédérich et al., 2010) and has been particularly well‐studied in insects (Fescemyer, 1993; Fujisaki, 1986; Johnson, 1965; Messina & Renwick, 1985; Mori & Nakasuji, 1991; Sutherland, 1969; Uvarov, 1921). For example, extensive work on locusts demonstrates diverse traits exhibiting phenotypically plastic responses to density: colour (Pener, 1991), morphometrics (Franc et al., 2005), developmental rate (Albrecht, 1955; Staal, 1961), behaviour (Bouaïchi et al., 1996; Ellis, 1963) and metabolism (Butler et al., 1936).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of density on pupal colour plasticity in the butterfly Mycalesis mineus (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae)

Mayekar

Kodandaramaiah

2021

Journal of Zoology

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We tested the effect of larval density on pupal colour plasticity in the butterfly Mycalesis mineus. Pupal colour of this species is known to be a plastic phenotype, being either brown or green. Colour is correlated with pupation substrate: pupae on leaves are almost exclusively green, whereas off-leaf substrates (stem, soil, etc.) include both green and brown pupae. We hypothesised that brown pupae are more frequent at high larval densities and tested this hypothesis using two experiments. In the first experiment, we reared larvae at different densities in plastic containers, which provided a restricted choice of pupation substrates. There was no influence of density on pupal colour. In the second experiment, we simulated more natural conditions, wherein larvae were reared in nylon mesh sleeves and had a greater choice of pupation substrates. Here, there was a strong correlation between larval density and the proportion of brown pupae. We discuss why results from the two experiments may have differed and what can be concluded about factors influencing pupal colour. We also discuss the importance of choice of experimental protocols, especially in relation to how realism trades off with practicality and control.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of density on pupal colour plasticity in the butterfly Mycalesis mineus (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae)

Mayekar

Kodandaramaiah

2021

Journal of Zoology

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“…Polyphenism is the phenomenon of two or more different phenotypes arising from the same genotype, which is widespread in insects [ 1 ]. Phenotypic variation in some insects, such as locusts, aphids, planthoppers and the larvae of some moths, is influenced by increases or decreases in the population density [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ]. The phenotype of these insects at low density is known as solitary type and at higher density as gregarious type.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Omics Reveals the Effect of Population Density on the Phenotype, Transcriptome and Metabolome of Mythimna separata

Wang

Yang

et al. 2023

Insects

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Population-density-dependent polymorphism is important in the biology of some agricultural pests. The oriental armyworm (Mythimna separata) is a lepidopteran pest (family Noctuidae). As the population density increases, its body color becomes darker, and the insect eats more and causes greater damage to crops. The molecular mechanisms underlying this phase change are not fully clear. Here, we used transcriptomic and metabolomic methods to study the effect of population density on the differentiation of second-day sixth instar M. separata larvae. The transcriptomic analysis identified 1148 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in gregarious-type (i.e., high-population-density) armyworms compared with solitary-type (low-population-density) armyworms; 481 and 667 genes were up- and downregulated, respectively. The metabolomic analysis identified 137 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs), including 59 upregulated and 78 downregulated. The analysis of DEGs and DAMs showed that activation of the insulin-like signaling pathway promotes the melanization of gregarious armyworms and accelerates the decomposition of saccharides, which promotes the gregarious type to take in more food. The gregarious type is more capable of digesting and absorbing proteins and decreases energy consumption by inhibiting transcription and translation processes. The phase change traits of the armyworm are thus attributable to plasticity of its energy metabolism. These data broaden our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of insect-density-dependent polymorphism.

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“…Aedes aegypti reared under higher larval density laid more eggs (Silva et al ., 2020), whereas Chilo partellus moths at a lower pairing density had higher fecundity (Hari et al ., 2008). An increased initial density results in prolonged nymphal development duration, lower emergence rate, and decreased longevity, and female fecundity in the rice planthopper (Mori & Nakasuji, 1991; Horgan et al ., 2016). In addition, population density can influence many other processes, such as interactions between predators and preys, parasites and hosts, disease transmission, and competition (Arcese & Smith, 1988; Pacala & Hassell, 1991; Berg et al ., 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population density modulates insect progenitive plasticity through the regulation of dopamine biosynthesis

Yuan

Yue

et al. 2022

Insect Science

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Effects of Day Length and Density on Development and Wing Form of the Small Brown Planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus(Hemiptera:Delphacidae)

Cited by 11 publications

References 3 publications

Effect of density on pupal colour plasticity in the butterfly Mycalesis mineus (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae)

Effect of density on pupal colour plasticity in the butterfly Mycalesis mineus (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae)

Multi-Omics Reveals the Effect of Population Density on the Phenotype, Transcriptome and Metabolome of Mythimna separata

Population density modulates insect progenitive plasticity through the regulation of dopamine biosynthesis

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